ABSTRACT
Background: Although sleeping problems are common among all age groups, the elderly suffer a higher prevalence of sleep disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep quality, self-efficacy, and stages of change among the elderly
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 36 individuals aged 60-75 years selected through simple random sampling in 2013. The data were collected using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] and self-made structured questionnaires, including sleep self-efficacy scale and stages of sleep behavior change scale. SPSS statistical software, version 19 was used to analyze the data and descriptive and inferential statistics such as independent samples t-test were used
Results: The results of the present study revealed that the mean of sleep quality was 7.91 [SD=4.99]. In addition, most of the subjects [69%] had poor sleep quality. Considering the stages of change, the participants were in different stages of sleep behavior change. Moreover, a significant relationship was found between self-efficacy and PSQI total score [P<0.001]. Also, significant relationships were observed between self-efficacy and the variables of stages of change [P<0.05], except for the average night sleep
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that most of the elderly had poor sleep quality. Besides, they were in different stages of change in sleep problems. The results also indicated that self-efficacy affected the sleep quality in the elderly. Therefore, measures should be taken based on stages of change and increased self-efficacy to improve sleep quality among the elderly
ABSTRACT
Managing and coping with occupational stress as a recognized problem in the modern era, is vital and important. Nursing is by nature a stressful occupation. Continuous and long-term stress can result in physical, psychological, and behavioral problems in nurses. We aimed to assess occupational stress in nurses working in surgical, internal and psychiatric wards in teaching hospitals of Shiraz, southern Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 180 nurses were selected among nurses working in surgical, internal and psychiatric wards of 4 teaching hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using questionnaires containing Health and Safety Executive [HSE] and demographic information. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. t test and analysis of variance [ANOVA] were used as appropriated. The results of the study indicated that nurses of surgical and internal wards showed significantly higher level of occupational stress in most scales of occupational stress, except relationship, compared with nurses working in psychiatric wards. There was no significant correlation among scales of occupational stress and age, marital status, work shifts and experience. However, we found a significant correlation with some scales of occupational stress and sex and education level. The findings suggest that occupational stress varies within different wards in the hospitals. Occupational stress should be prevented and controlled early and nurses should be supported in this regard.