ABSTRACT
Studies have shown the regulatory role of Leptin in bone formation, its expression in adipose tissue as well as increased levels in circulation following the adminstration of inflammatory stimuli such as lipopolysaccharides [LPS]. However, there is little data evaluating the role of Leptin in inflammatory periapical lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and concentration of Leptin in chronic periapical lesions. Chronic periapical lesions with different sizes were collected during periapical surgery of the mandibular molars from twenty patients and cultured for 72 hours. The ELISA method determined the concentration of Leptin in supernatant fluids of explants cultures. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests [Mann-Whitney U, Chi-Square and Spearman's Correlation Coefficient]. Leptin was found in all samples with the average concentration of 405.55 +/- 102.98 [pg/mL]. There was no significant correlation between the concentration of Leptin and BMI, and the diameters of lesions. Leptin can be considered an inflammatory mediator and is likely to have a role during the early phases of dental periapical lesions
ABSTRACT
Dental pulp has neural fibers that produce neuropeptides like Substance P [SP] and calcitonin gene-related peptide [CGRP]. The inflammation of dental pulp can lead to an increase amount of SP and CGRP release, especially in symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Therefore, it can be assumed that neuropeptides have some role in the progression of inflammation of the dental pulp. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between the presence and concentration of neuropeptides in dental pulps of carious teeth caries. For this purpose, pulpal tissues were collected from 40 teeth [20 carious and 20 intact]. Pulpal samples were cultured for 72 hours. ELISA reader was used for the detection of SP and CGRP in supernatant fluids. Statistical analysis was made by Mann-Whitney U and Chi square tests. SP and CGRP were present in 65% and 20% of inflamed pulpal samples, respectively and 40% and 5% of normal pulpal samples, respectively. Level of SP was significantly higher in inflamed pulp samples compared to intact pulps; however, there was no statistical difference when the other groups and neuropeptides were compared. The mean concentration of SP in normal pulps was 3.4 times greater than that of CGRP; interestingly in inflamed pulps the concentration of SP was 22.3 times greater than CGRP. We can conclude that in inflamed dental pulps, the concentration of SP is higher than CGRP. It can be hypothesized that CGRP has less effect on the inflammatory changes of dental pulps
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this ex vivo study was to assess the effect of two root-end filling materials against Candida [C] albicans. ProRoot MTA and CEM Cement were compared immediately and 24 h after mixing, in two different concentrations [50 and 100 mg/mL]. A total of 50 culture wells were used and divided into experimental [n=10] and control groups [n=5]. Those with no medication served as positive and without C. albicans served as negative controls. All plates were incubated at 37 C. after 1, 24, and 48hours. At each interval, the presence of C. albicans was assessed and recorded by an independent observer. In addition to observing turbidity, 0.02 mL of samples from each cell was re-cultured on sabouraud dextrose agar plates to confirm change in fungal growth. The data were evaluated and analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test. Although all fresh and set samples with experimental concentrations showed fungal growth after 1 h; they demonstrated complete fungicidal activity at 24 and 48-h time intervals. Under the conditions of this ex vivo study, CEM cement as well as ProRoot MTA has fungicidal effects against C. albicans even in concentration of 50 mg/mL and after 24 hours