ABSTRACT
Background: Caring for people who suffer from Alzheimer's disease is stressful. Family caregivers of these people usually experience physical and mental burnout and lose their efficacy in doing carerelated activities. The present study aimed to examine the impacts of spiritual care education on selfefficacy of the family caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease
Methods: This study was conducted from October to December 2015 by using a two-group pretestposttest quasi-experimental design. In total, 60 family caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease were recruited and randomly allocated to the intervention and control groups. A spiritual care educational intervention was implemented for the caregivers in the intervention group. The data were collected before and three weeks after the study intervention by using the ten-item General Self Efficacy scale. The study data were analyzed in SPSS using Chi-square and independent t-test
Results: Before the study intervention, the means of pretest self-efficacy scores in the intervention and control groups were29.80 +/- 4.80 and 28.39 +/- 6.41, respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the mean score of self-efficacy [P=0.36]. After the study, these two scores changed to 32.73 +/- 4.75 and 27.85 +/- 5.98, respectively. However, after the intervention, the mean score of self-efficacy in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group [P=0.002]
Conclusion: Spiritual care can enhance the self-efficacy of the family caregivers of people who suffer from Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, care providers are recommended to use such spirituality-based interventions for empowering family caregivers
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Background: mothers play a key role in caring for their sick children. Their experiences of care were influenced by culture, rules, and the system of health and care services. There are few studies on maternal care of children with congenital heart disease. Also, each of them has studied a particular aspect of care. The present research aimed to understand care experiences of mothers of children with congenital heart disease
Methods: a conventional content analysis was used to obtain rich data. The goal of content analysis is "to provide knowledge and deeper understanding of the phenomenon under the study". The study was conducted in Kerman, Iran in 2014, on mothers of children with CHD. The purposive sampling technique was used to select the participants. Participants were 14 mothers of children with CHD and one father and one nurse of open heart surgery unit, from two hospitals affiliated with Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were constructed. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. MAXQDA 2007 software [VERBI GmbH, Berlin, Germany] was used to classify and manage the coding. Constant comparative method was done for data analysis. The reliability and validity of the findings, including the credibility, confirm ability, dependability, and transferability, were assessed
Results: according to the content analysis, the main theme was the catastrophic burden of child care on mothers that included three categories: 1] the tension resulting from the disease, 2] involvement with internal thoughts, and 3] difficulties of care process
Conclusion: the results of this study may help health care professionals to provide supportive and educational packages to the patients, mothers and Family members until improving the management of patient's care
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Although nursing students spend a large part of their learning period in the clinical environment, clinical learning has not been perceived by its nature yet. To develop an instrument to measure effective factors on clinical learning in nursing students
Methods: This is a mixed methods study performed in 2 steps. First, the researchers defined "clinical learning" in nursing students through qualitative content analysis and designed items of the questionnaire based on semi-structured individual interviews with nursing students. Then, as the second step, psychometric properties of the questionnaire were evaluated using the face validity, content validity, construct validity, and internal consistency evaluated on 227 students from fourth or higher semesters. All the interviews were recorded and transcribed, and then, they were analyzed using Max Qualitative Data Analysis and all of qualitative data were analyzed using SPSS 14
Results: To do the study, we constructed the preliminary questionnaire containing 102 expressions. After determination of face and content validities by qualitative and quantitative approaches, the expressions of the questionnaire were reduced to 45. To determine the construct validity, exploratory factor analysis was applied. The results indicated that the maximum variance percentage [40.55%] was defined by the first 3 factors while the rest of the total variance percentage [59.45%] was determined by the other 42 factors. Results of exploratory factor analysis of this questionnaire indicated the presence of 3 instructor-staff, students, and educational related factors. Finally, 41 expressions were kept in 3 factor groups. The alpha-Cronbach coefficient [0.93] confirmed the high internal consistency of the questionnaire
Conclusion: Results indicated that the prepared questionnaire was an efficient instrument in the study of the effective factors on clinical learning as viewed by nursing students since it involves 41 expressions and properties such as instrument design based on perception and experiences of the nursing students about effective factors on clinical learning, definition of facilitator and preventive factors of the clinical learning, simple scoring, suitable validity and reliability, and applicability in different occasions
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Depression exacerbates the physical problems in menopause in addition to influencing the individual, occupational and social functioning of women. This study was conducted to determine the effect of aromatherapy massage on depression in menopausal women. In this clinical trial, 120 menopausal women were selected based on the inclusion criteria and were randomly divided into three groups namely control, aromatherapy massage and massage group. Data collection tool in this study was demographics questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]. In aromatherapy massage group, essential oil of geranium [2%] in almond oil was used. Both groups were treated for 8 weeks, once a week for 30 minutes and their depression rate was assessed before and after the intervention and were compared with the control group. ANOVA and t-test were used for data analysis. Aromatherapy massage reduced the mean depression score [MD: 0.51, 95%CI]. Massage therapy also reduced depression score [MD: 0.20, 95%CI] [P < 0.001]. To detect the effects of aromatherapy and massage therapy separately, the mean depression score was compared and aromatherapy massage reduced the depression score more than massage therapy [MD: -0.31, 95%CI]. The results of this study consider aromatherapy massage beneficial in improving symptoms of depression and recommend it as a complementary therapy
ABSTRACT
Background: The nursing students should acquire practical and theoretical competence required for the patients' care during their 4 years of education. This involves proper use of time. The purpose of this study was to investigate how nursing students manage their time despite the academic difficulties and obstacles
Methods: This qualitative study was carried out through grounded theory method. The study population consisted of nursing students. Twenty-one nursing students studying at undergraduate level were selected purposefully for participation in this study. The data were collected with semi-structured interview and analyzed through Strauss and Corbin method [2008]. MAXQDA 10 software was employed to organize and process the data
Results: Core variable of this study was "directing activities toward personal goals," representing in 3 behavioral patterns. The behavioral pattern of "retaliation from field" was one of the 3 patterns applied by nursing students. The properties of this pattern included "unknowingly entrance to nursing field," "stress and dissatisfaction with spending time," "nonacceptance of field," "attempt to decrease stress and obtain satisfaction," and "ignoring academic responsibilities". According to this pattern, the students spent most of their time on non-academic responsibilities while trying to overcome the stress
Conclusion: The findings of this study recommend the necessity for revising the admission method of nursing students and informed choice of nursing field by these students
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To prevent AIDS it is required to create essential changes in attitudes and behaviors of the society. This work was conducted to evaluate attitude and behavior of nonmedical students towards transmission and prevention ways of AIDS. This work was conducted based on stratified random sampling on 384 numbers of nonmedical students. Research instrument was a three-part questionnaire designed by the author. Findings indicated that 19.8% and 80.2% of the students have negative and positive attitudes toward AIDS, respectively. Besides, 47.4% of them had a relatively risky behavior whereas 52.6% of them had a secure behavior. Efficient programs about changing the attitude and prevention of risky behaviors seem to be necessary
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Immune system-related factors are important in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis [MS]. Interleukin 4 [IL-4] as a helper T cell [2TH] cytokine is involved in the regulation of immune responses. Hence, this study was designed to explore the association between MS and polymorphisms in the -590 region of IL-4. A descriptive study at Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsnajan from September 2009 to August 2010. Blood samples were collected from 100 MS patients and 150 healthy controls on EDTA precoated tubes. DNA was extracted and analyzed for IL-4 polymorphisms using restricted fragment length polymorphism in patients and controls. Demographic data were also collected by a questionnaire that was designed specifically for this study. We observed a significant difference in the C/C, T/C, and T/T genotypes of the -590 region of IL-4 between patients with MS and healthy controls [P<.001]. We conclude that functional polymorphisms of IL-4 possibly play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of MS
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Male , Female , Polymorphism, Genetic , Multiple Sclerosis/genetics , Multiple Sclerosis/immunologyABSTRACT
To explore nursing staff's perspectives about spiritual mode of job satisfaction. This was a qualitative study. Data was obtained through interviews, which were recorded and subsequently transcribed. The analysis was carried out by the qualitative content analysis. Five matter themes emerged from the data analysis: spiritual joy and interest, patients as bless of God, spiritual assurance, spiritual remuneration, and spiritual repugnance. Spiritually as an important and integral aspect of nursing profession was supported in this study. Spirituality is the inner, intangible dimension that motivates staff nurses to search for meaning and purpose, and establish positive and trusting relationships with patients and God