ABSTRACT
Background: Atlas is the first cervical vertebra. Sometimes there is partial or complete fusion of atlas with basal part of the occipital bone known as assimilation of atlas or atlanto-occipital fusion. It is normally congenital. It may be associated with the constriction of foramen magnum which may compress the spinal cord or brain stem. Methods: The 1000 human dry skulls were selected from the anthropology museum of department of anatomy, GSVM medical college, Kanpur. The age and sex of the skulls were not taken into consideration. The skulls were examined for the bony union between the atlas and skull and other variations in assimilated atlas. Results: Fused atlas with skull was seen in 20 skulls (2.0%). Partial fusion of anterior arch of atlas with the occipital bone was seen in 1 specimen (5%) and in 10% it was found complete fusion. In 10% skulls the posterior arch fused with the occipital bone. Bilateral fusion of transverse process with occipital bone was noted in 2 (10%) specimen. The incomplete foramen transversarium was found in 1 skull (5%) {bilateral} and in 2 skulls (10%), the transverse process was noted without the foramen transversarium {bilateral}. Conclusion: Out of 1000 examined skulls, fusion of atlas with the occipital bone was noted in 20 skulls (2%). The knowledge of incidence of assimilation of atlas and its variations may be helpful for the embryologist, neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons.
ABSTRACT
Background: Objective of current study was to study the distance between Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine and Ischial Spine (PIIS-IS) of human hip bone for determination of sex. Methods: The study comprised unpaired 149 adult human hip bones of known sex. The posterior inferior iliac spine and ischial spine were identified in all the hip bones and a vernier calliper was used to measure the distance between the PIIS-IS. Results: It was observed that the mean distance of PIIS-IS in males and females were 49.64 mm and 54.35 mm respectively. The standard deviation in males was 5.75 mm and that of females was 5.15 mm. Maximum no. i.e. 78.66% of males & 62.16% comes under the range of distance between 41-55 mm. Conclusion: It was observed that out of 149 hip bones taken for study 75 were of males and 74 were of females. The Mean distance in females was observed to be greater in comparison to males. Statistically calculated T- test reveals that the parameter taken for study is very highly significant in terms of sex differentiation.
ABSTRACT
Background: Development of dermatoglyphics pattern is under genetic control and it is established that aetiology of club foot is partly environmental and partly genetic. So study of dermatoglyphics pattern in club foot patient may become a diagnostic tool to know the development & inheritance of this clinical disorder. Methods: A total of 42 male child aged b/w 1-8 year were included, for obtaining the palmar and finger tip print standard ink method suggested by Kilgariff was used, and each palmar and finger print were examined for important parameters like loops, whorls, arches, a-t-d angle, a-b ridge count and TFRC count. Then results were tabulated and analysed statistically. Results: Frequency of whorls increase in both hands significantly, frequency of arches and ulnar loops decrease significantly, frequency of radial loops increase in right hand and decrease in left hand but difference was not significant. TFRC count was reduced significantly and no significant difference was found in a-t-d angle and a-b ridge count. Conclusion: Dermatoglyphics is a genetically determined reliable marker for detecting the incidence of club foot. Merely by identifying the dermatoglyphics pattern of couples with family history of club foot may be at risk of having their offspring affected, and they can be diagnosed early and preventive measures can be taken.
ABSTRACT
Background: The purpose of this study was to describe the morphology and measure the size of the sella turcica in North Indian population. Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 180 individuals (90 males and 90 females) with an age range of 12 - 65 years were taken. Morphology of sella turcica was studied and various measurements were taken to determine the shape of the sella. Statistical analysis was done to calculate differences in dimensions and to establish if any, relationship exists between age, sex and the morphometry of sella turcica. Results: The study found that sella turcica presented with a normal morphology in only 28 per cent of the subjects. A significant difference in linear dimensions between genders was found in sella height and width. When age was evaluated, some dimensions showed negative correlation with the age. Sella size of the older age group was as a rule larger than the younger age. Conclusion: Pathological enlargement of the pituitary fossa can be detected by this technique and may also be helpful in providing data in the assessment of racial, gender, age specific variation in the skull.