Effects of Corona Pandemic on Global Environment and Economy

The COVID-19 pandemic is draw into concern as the most reproving international fitness tragedy of the century since December 2019, the era of Second World War. A new transmissible respiratory disease comes in existence in Wuhan, Hubei province, China and the World Health Organization named it as COVID-19 (corona virus disease 2019). For the quarter of 2020 the corona virus epidemic has swamp the international locations of the sector and changed the pace, material and nature of our lives. In this evaluation accompanying, we inspect some of the various social, environmental and economic issues influenced by COVID-19. The COVID-19 epidemic has ended in over 4.3 million confirmed instances and over 290,000 deaths globally. The Indian economy as with the global economy, was faced with multiple curtailment too when the pandemic emerged. Advance estimation recommend that the Indian economy is anticipate to witness real GDP augmentation of 9.2 per cent in 2021-22 after reducing in 2020-21. This implicit that overall economic activity has retrieve past the pre-epidemic levels. Social spacing, self-isolation and travel diminution have led to a less staff throughout all capitalism or economic sectors, and because of that many jobs to be bygone. Schools have closed down, and there is requirement for artefacts and products has reduced. In contrast, there requirement for medical essentials has significantly increases. In reaction to this global epidemic, we summarize the effect of COVID-19 on socio-economic condition on individual factors of the world economy and environment.

Unilateral isolated superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis

Superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) thrombosis is an uncommon orbital pathology that can present with sudden onset proptosis, conjunctival injection, and visual disturbance. SOV thrombosis is frequently secondary to a cavernous sinus pathology. A 32-year-old female with a known history of autoimmune hemolytic anemia presented with sudden painful proptosis left eye, and on imaging, she was found to have SOV thrombosis without cavernous sinus involvement. She was diagnosed with unilateral isolated SOV thrombosis and was managed conservatively. A careful history and clinical evaluation can help diagnose such rare disorders and initiate appropriate therapy.

Prevalence of neurological manifestations of lung cancer among adult sudanese patients

The objective: is to study the prevalence of neurological manifestations among adults Sudanese patients with lung cancer seen in the Radiation and Isotope Centre in Khartoum. Methods: This is a prospective cross sectional hospital based study; conducted at Radiation and Isotope Centre in Khartoum. Sample of 52 adults Sudanese patients with lung cancer were included in the study. The period of the study was from February 2006 to July 2006. Data were collected by self administered questionnaire; this was constructed in sections to address the different aspects of the study as follows: personal data; presentation; physical examination; and investigations. The results: showed that 41 patients were males. Most of the patients were above 50 years of age. Fifty percent of our patients' were from Khartoum state. All of our patients had chest findings except one. The most common symptoms observed were of cranial nerves involvement; headache; limb weakness; numbness; and sphincteric disturbance. More than half of the patients were smokers. Other extrapulmonary manifestations noticed include: clubbing; lymph node enlargement; bone metastasis or fracture; gynaecomastia; superior vena cava obstruction; hepatomegaly; and ascites. Chest X-ray abnormalities showed pleural effusion; consolidation; hilar lymphadenopthy; collapsed lung; and fibrosis in the majority of patients. Most of our patients had adenocarcinoma; followed by squamous cell carcinoma; poorly differentiated carcinoma; and small cell carcinoma. Conclusion: The common neurological manifestations of lung cancer were found to be cranial nerves palsies; followed by lower limbs weakness; numbness; and sphincteric disturbances

Oral sucrose and a pacifier for pain relief during simple procedures in preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial

Previous randomized trials of the analgesic effects of sucrose, glucose, and a pacifier in term neonates have shown that the pacifier resulted in lower pain scores than glucose or sucrose, but the pacifier with and without sucrose did not differ. The current study was designed to assess the analgesic effect of pharmacologic [sucrose, water] and a non-pharmacologic measures [pacifier] in preterm infants and to find whether there is any synergism between these intervention in relieving pain during painful procedures. In this double-blind, randomized, controlled study, 36 preterm infants [mean 31 weeks gestational age, range 27 to 36 weeks] were randomly allocated to six different regimens [0.5 mL sterile water with pacifier, 0.5 mL sterile water without pacifier, 0.5 mL sucrose 24% with pacifier, 0.5 mL sucrose 24% without pacifier, pacifier alone and control group] during a stay in intensive care of up to 15 days. Pain scores were measured with the Premature Infant Pain Profile [PIPP], a validated behavioral acute pain scale. Of all the regimens, the lowest pain scores occurred with the use of 24% sucrose solution combined with pacifier. The mean pain score for the combination of sucrose with pacifier was 0.7 as compared to 1.4 for the sterile water with pacifier group [P < .05]. The synergistic effect of the combination of sucrose and non-nutritive sucking was clinically effective and safe in relieving the pain of simple procedures such as venipuncture or heel stick in preterm and term infants, but further research is needed on these interventions alone and in combination with other behav-ioral interventions in neonates

Electric lineation and tortuosity for assigning fracture porosity in Nukhul formation, north of the gulf of Suez, Egypt

An integrated interpretation of petrographical, petrophysical and anisotropic fabric studies has been carried out for assigning fracture porosity of Nukhul Formation in north of the Gulf of Suez. Petrographically, the available Nukhul core samples are composed mainly of clastic rocks as glauconitic and dolomitized quartz wacke, echinoidal and foraminiferal dolomitic quartz wacke, and calcareous quartz arenite. Beside to some microfacies, they could be assigned as sandy dolopackstone microfacies, sandy molluscan packstone microfacies and dolomitic packstone microfacies. The 2-D porosity determination in the thin section revealed negligible porosity values mainly dishanced by compaction and pressure solution, silicification and cementation by calcite. Some other diagenetic processes slightly/hardly enhanced porosity as dolomitization, dissolution, replacement and aggrading neomorphism. Petrophysically, porosity and permeability are poor due to the tight cementation mostly by silica, which obliterated the primary porosity and also the diagenetic porosity formed after the dolomitization process. Permeability values decrease with increasing the irreducible water saturation and the tortuosity values in perpendicular direction to the bedding plane, whereas it increases by increasing porosity. Both the petrographical and petrophysical studies showed the presence of some fracture and channel porosity in the field scale, assigned from the well-log data, and hardly assigned by using the traditional petrophysical and petrographical methods. Using the electric fabric parameters and measuring tortuosity in 3-D is a useful tool for assigning fracture and channel porosity at the upper and middle parts of the studied rock unit

Lethal systemic degos disease with prominent cardia-pulmonary involvement

Degos disease DD is a rare obstructive vasculopathy characterized by distinctive skin lesions. Involvement of the soles, palms and genitalia is rare. In most cases, disease has an unfavorable course and involves gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system and occasionally other organs. Pleural and pericardial involvements are usually minor manifestations with prolonged course. Death occurs in approximately 50% of the patients usually due to intestinal perforation or central nervous system bleeding. We describe a 48-year-old man of lethal systemic DD. Widespread skin lesions with involvement of palmoplantar surfaces, genitalia and scalp were ignored for 3 years, whereas the disease revealed own malignant nature. The disorder progressed to nervous, gastrointestinal and cardiopulmonary system that led to death after 5 months from onset of systemic involvement as severe restrictive cardio-pulmonary insufficiency. Autopsy showed diffuse fibrotic changes in serosal membranes and internal organs

Survival of 2 extreme pretrem neonates with cardiac tamponade as a complication of percutaneous central venous catheterization

We report 2 extreme preterm neonates who developed cardiac tamponade secondary to perforation of the myocardium by the percutaneous silastic central venous catheters, which were inserted for parental nutrition. Percutaneous pericardiocentesis was performed and pericardial effusion was aspirated, later proved by analysis to be total parental nutrition. The lines were removed and the patients successfully resuscitated and survived, both were sent home in good condition

Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome: diagnosis and the challenge of management

Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome is a rare disease characterized by a lack of automatic, but with intact, voluntary control of breathing. Patients with this disease need assisted ventilation mostly during sleep. To the best of our knowledge our patient is the first case reported among Saudi and Arab children. Since these patients need special respiratory care with difficulties in family adaptation, reappraisal is needed of the available therapeutic option in the kingdom, including the availability of adequate support for home ventilation at different regions

Relationship between caries status, colony forming units (cfu) of Streptococcus mutans and Snyder caries activity test.

It is a well established fact that dental caries is caused by streptococcus mutans. For qualitative and quantitative analysis of streptococcus mutans, saliva samples are often preferred and are processed according to Kohler and Brathall method. In the present study an attempt is made to relate caries status (caries free, average caries, and rampant caries group) with cfu counts of streptococcus mutans and Snyder test. The streptococcus mutans were isolated using MSB agar and cfu were determined of each individual from different caries groups. The saliva of the same individual was drooled into a culture bottle containing Snyder test agar and extent of colour change was observed after 24, 48, and 72 hours incubated at 37 degrees C. The time and extent of colour change determined the conduciveness of diet. It has been observed that caries free individuals have low cfu count and their diet was mild or moderately conducive, while the individuals having average caries had medium cfu count and their diet was moderately-high conducive. In rampant caries, individuals however the cfu count were high and the diet was highly conducive. In caries free, average caries and rampant caries group 40, 60, and 80 per cent samples showed colour change, in Snyder test up to full length in 72 hours respectively. Thus a definite correlation exists between caries status, cfu count of streptococcus mutans and Snyder caries activity test.

Prevalence of dental caries in nursery school children of Akola city.

A study of prevalence and severity of dental caries was undertaken in seven nursery schools of Akola city in the age group of 5-6 years. A total of 508 children were examined out of which 288 were boys and 220 girls. The examination for dental caries and data collection was carried out as per W.H.O. (1987) criteria. Out of the total 508 children examined 61.41% were observed to be having caries with mean dmft/dmfs of 2.75+/-3.98 & 4.04+/-6.84 respectively. Total 17.91% school children were found to be having decay in either all upper or lower molars. In the high risk caries group 0.98% children were found to be affected with nursing caries and 0.2% children with rampant caries. Only a negligible proportion of filled teeth (1.42%) and missing due to caries (0.14%) was observed in the population. Occlusal surface caries was the most prevalent type of decay (44.71) and the mandibular deciduous second molars were the most affected by caries. Due to high prevalence of dental caries (61.41%) research must be carried out in the direction of identification of the children population at high risk of caries, so that a rigorous preventive programme be implemented.

da-silva repair of large incisional hernia

The technique of peritoneal apponeurotic transposition devised by da-Silva is described. It was performed on 24 patients with large hernia. No recurrence was found in any of these patients. The mean time of following up was 33 months. This technique proved to be simple resulting in tension free sutures with no use of foreign body. It produces a correct anatomical reconstruction with low recurrence rate

Measurement of serum thyroxine as a single initial test for evaluation of thyroid dysfunction.

This study shows that serum thyroxine radioimmunoassay measurement is the best single initial test and inexpensive method for the diagnosis of functional disorders of thyroid gland, particularly in those clinically euthyroid patients. Undoubtly, a single test instead of two or more would require less time and personnel needed to screen a large number of patients. The clinician will then determine whether further thyroid function tests are needed. This approach will avoid the improper use of several tests and waste of valuable resources. The normal range of serum [[T4]] quoted by the company does not necessarily apply to our community, and it should be probably increased to enhance the specificity of the test. A study to determine the final normal ranges of serum thyroid hormones in our community is already going on by our colleagues in Al-rasheed Military Hospital

present state of radionuclide thyroid studies

Thyroid diseases are very frequently encountered disorders by endocrinologists, and thyroid dysfunction is often suspected by almost all clinicians. The diagnosis of thyroid disease represents, therefore, a major clinical problem. The proliferation of in vitro thyroid function tests has lead to such confusion of nomenclature that many doctors do not know what they are asking for, much less the limitation of the particular investigation in question. Effective treatment of thyroid disease is relatively simple; so early diagnosis is of great asset to the clinician. Diagnosis of thyroid disease begin as in other areas of medicine, with a careful clinical history, and physical examination. A good percentage of thyroid illnesses can be correctly diagnosed on clinical grounds. The Wayne's Index was advocated to transfer clinical findings into numbers. However laboratory tests to confirm the clinical diagnosis of thyroid disease are needed,since such diagnosis often necessitates surgery or medical treatment that extends over years or throughout the patients life. Furthermore, a significant fraction of thyroid illnesses can be diagnosed only on the basis of laboratory data, and in some instances laboratory diagnosis along might be an indication to therapy in the absence of clear clinical evidence of thyroid disease. Errors in diagnosis may be contributed by any laboratory method used and when investigations are carried out in the best laboratories, values outside the normal range occur in few euthyroid people. In addition, the tests themselves are subject to limitation, which are often not appreciated by those asking for them. Laboratory tests are liable to interference by many factors unrelated to the thyroid pathology

DNA content of pathological thyroid tissue in different thyroid diseases

DNA of pathological and normal thyroid tissue was extracted and estimated according to Burton. Thyroid carcinoma had DNA content significantly higher than follicular adenoma, Grave's disease, non toxic nodular goitre and normal thyroid. Moreover each type of carcinoma has different DNA content from the other types. Follicular adenoma had significantly higher DNA content than Grave's disease, non toxic nodular goitre and normal thyroid. Three suspecious borderline cases were categorised in the carcinoma group because of their high carcinoma like DNA values. Accordingly DNA estimation could be an aid in the diagnostic problems of thyroid tumors