ABSTRACT
Introduction and Aims: Access to safe water in terms of physical, chemical and microbial parameters is one of the health care providers of community. Testing and analyzing are essential to understand the safety of potable water. The purpose of this study is investigating the chemical and physical quality of drinking water resources in cites of Bandar Torkaman, Bandar Gaz and Kordkoy
Material and Methods: In this descriptive and crosses- sectional study, 43 samples of deep wells were collected from 3 cities during 2006-2010. 15 parameters analyzed according to standard methods, comparing to the WHO standards
Results: The results revealed the parameters of EC 625,992,650 micromho/cm, TDS 273, 535,523 mg/l, Nitrate 9/7,10.9,9.9 mg/l, Sulfate 19, 25.6, 39.2 mg/l and Chloride 22, 182, 185 for Bandar Gaz, Bandar Torkaman and Kordkoy, respectively. Also, the average value of hardness in drinking water 185, 255 and 317 mg/l calcium carbonate for Bandar Gaz, Bandar Torkaman and Kordkoy, respectively. According to hardness of water quality Bandar Gaz and Bandar Torkaman, Kordkoy ranged between hard and very hard water group. Fluoride concentration ranged from 0.3 to 0.4 ppm, where 100% samples showed fluoride less than permissible limit
Conclusion: According to results, the mean concentration of most physico -chemical parameters except fluoride concentration in Bandar Gaz, Bandar Torkaman and Kordkoy drinking water resources is within the Iran and WHO standard limitations
ABSTRACT
Background: one issue of concern in water supply is the quality of water. Measuring the qualitative parameters of water is time-consuming and costly. Predicting these parameters using various models leads to a reduction in related expenses and the presentation of overall and comprehensive statistics for water resource management
Methods: the present study used an artificial neural network [ANN] to simulate fluoride concentrations in groundwater resources in Khaf and surrounding villages based on the physical and chemical properties of the water. ANN modeling was applied with regard to diverse inputs
Results: the MLP[1] model with eight inputs of parameters such as root mean square error [RMSE] and correlation coefficient of actual and predicted outputs exhibited the best results. The lowest fluoride concentration [0.15 mg L[-1]] was found in Sad village, and the highest concentration [3.59 mg L[-1]] was found in Mahabad village. Based on World Health Organization [WHO] standards, 56.6% of the villages are in the desirable range, 33.3% of them had fluoride concentrations below standard levels, and 10% had higher than standard concentrations of fluoride
Conclusion: the simulation results from the testing stage for MLP[1] as well as the high conformity between experimental and predicted data indicated that this model with its high confidence coefficient can be used to predict fluoride concentrations in groundwater resources
ABSTRACT
Burns are among the most common traumas in developing countries, which consume large amounts of medical resources. It is important to find an appropriate material for dressing of burn wounds that improves healing and is readily available, easily applicable, and economical. In a single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial from March to October 2006, 211 patients with less than 20% burn were enrolled into two groups. The first group contained 104 patients with average burn of 11.90 +/- 3.80% of total body surface area [TBSA] for whom amnion dressing was used. The second group composed of 107 patients with average burn of 12.30 +/- 4.14% of TBSA treated with routine silver sulfadiazine dressing. Amniotic membrane usage was accompanied by acceleration in wound healing, less need for skin graft, and less pain. The mean healing time in superficial parts of burn wounds in the amnion group was significantly shorter than the control group [9.50 +/- 2.13 v 14.30 +/- 2.60 days; P value < 0.01]. The extent of the wound with granulation tissue which needed skin graft was less in the amnion group [2.10 +/- 2.21% v 4.2 0 +/- 1.44%; P value < 0.01]. Widespread use of amniotic membrane dressing is recommended for limited burn wound management