ABSTRACT
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors [PPARs] are a group of nuclear receptor proteins whose functions as transcription factors regulate gene expressions. PPARs play essential roles in the regulation of cellular differentiation, development, and metabolism [carbohydrate, lipid, protein], and tumorigenesis of higher organisms. This study attempts to determine the effect of baicalin, a PPAR? activator, on erythroid differentiation of cluster of differentiation 133+ [CD133+] cord blood hematopoietic stem cells [HSCs]. In this experimental study, in order to investigate the effects of the PPAR? agonists baicalin and troglitazone on erythropoiesis, we isolated CD133+ cells from human umbilical cord blood using the MACS method. Isolated cells were cultured in erythroid-inducing medium with or without various amounts of the two PPAR? activators [baicalin and troglitazone]. Erythroid differentiation of CD133+ cord blood HSCs were assessed using microscopic morphology analysis, flow cytometric analysis of erythroid surface markers transferrin receptor [TfR] and glycophorin A [GPA] and bycolony forming assay. Microscopic and flow cytometric analysis revealed the erythroid differentiation of CD133+ cord blood HSCs under applied erythroid inducing conditions. Our flow cytometric data showed that the TfR and GPA positive cell population diminished significantly in the presence of either troglitazone or baicalin. The suppression of erythroid differentiation in response to PPAR? agonists was dose-dependent. Erythroid colony-forming ability of HSC decreased significantly after treatment with both PPAR? agonists but troglitazone had a markedly greater effect. Our results have demonstrated that PPAR? agonists modulate erythroid differentiation of CD133+ HSCs, and therefore play an important role in regulation of normal erythropoiesis under physiologic conditions. Thus, considering the availability and application of this herbal remedy for treatment of a wide range of diseases, the inhibitory effect of baicalin on erythropoiesis should be noted
ABSTRACT
Chronic myeloid leukemia [CML] is a myeloproliferative disease. The cytogenetic hallmark of CML is Philadelphia [Ph] chromosome. This study aimed to diagnose suspected CML patients, to monitor CML patients under therapy using cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH] techniques to analyze their bone marrow [BM] and peripheral blood [PB] samples, and finally to compare their obtained results for both specimens. This study was conducted during one-year period [2012-2013]. The participants were recruited from the Hematology and Oncology Clinic of Shahid Gazi [Emam Reza] Hospital of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. We analyzed 90 samples from 60 suspected CML patients [30 BM and 60 PB samples]. All samples were analyzed using G-banding, 5 samples using dual fusion FISH [DF-FISH] probes, as well as 30 samples using both FISH and G-banding. Among the 90 analyzed samples of 60 patients, 25 [41.66%] were Ph+ using karyotyping, whereas five cases were not analyzable, so FISH was applied and the results confirmed that only two individuals were BCR-ABL+. In the comparison between 25 BM and 25 PB samples using karyotyping, 15 [60%] and 10 [40%] were ph+, respectively. The comparison of FISH and karyotyping on 30 samples showed that 9 [30%] and 8 [26.66%] were Ph+, respectively, and only 18.18% of Ph+ patients showed atypical patterns. In the comparison between BM-cytogenetic and PB-interphase-FISH [I-FISH], BM-cytogenetic was more reliable than PB-I-FISH in detecting Ph. Our data demonstrate that FISH analysis is a rapid, reliable and sensitive technique. The comparison between BM and PB showed that PB can not be replaced by BM, even in detecting by FISH