Artificial Intelligence Applications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Care: Focus on Machine Learning Methods / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus has increased significantly in recent years. With the development of artificial intelligence applications in healthcare, they are used for diagnosis, therapeutic decision making, and outcome prediction, especially in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to identify the artificial intelligence (AI) applications for type 2 diabetes mellitus care. METHODS: This is a review conducted in 2018. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase scientific databases, based on a combination of related mesh terms. The article selection process was based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Finally, 31 articles were selected after inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Data gathering was done by using a data extraction form. Data were summarized and reported based on the study objectives. RESULTS: The main applications of AI for type 2 diabetes mellitus care were screening and diagnosis in different stages. Among all of the reviewed AI methods, machine learning methods with 71% (n = 22) were the most commonly applied techniques. Many applications were in multi method forms (23%). Among the machine learning algorithms applications, support vector machine (21%) and naive Bayesian (19%) were the most commonly used methods. The most important variables that were used in the selected studies were body mass index, fasting blood sugar, blood pressure, HbA1c, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and demographic variables. CONCLUSIONS: It is recommended to select optimal algorithms by testing various techniques. Support vector machine and naive Bayesian might achieve better performance than other applications due to the type of variables and targets in diabetes-related outcomes classification.

applications of virtual reality technology in medical groups teaching

Introduction: virtual reality is a new method for training different medical groups. Based on this technology, professionals and students of various medical sciences can determine their level of competence for medical treatment before any performance on the patient. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the applications of virtual reality technology for training the medical groups

Methods: this is a scoping review study conducted in 2016. Articles were retrieved through the search of related keywords in databases such as Pub Med, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Springer, and Google scholar. Then, after applying the entry criteria, 21 papers were selected from a total of 1343. Data extraction was done by a data collection form. The collected data were summarized and reported using content analysis technique according to the study purpose

Results: the findings of the study indicated that 11 cases [48%] have used virtual education technology for laparoscopic surgery training. Using virtual reality has improved learning in 17 [74%] studies. A higher accuracy in medical practice by people trained through VR has been reported in 20 [87%] studies

Conclusion: the results indicate that the application of virtual reality capabilities plays an important role in improving the performance of different medical groups. According to the results, it can be suggested that virtual reality capabilities should be used to train different medical groups based on their individual and collective needs

assessment of infrastructures of telemedicine at shiraz university of medical sciences

Introduction: Telemedicine is defined as the ability to provide interactive health care by modern technologies and telecommunications which require related infrastructure and technologies. The aim of this study was to assess infrastructures of telemedicine at health centers, hospitals and clinics affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

Method: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2015 on health care facilities equipped with telemedicine. These facilities consisted of 15 health centers, three hospitals and two clinics which were studied through census sampling method. Data were collected using a standard checklist and analyzed using descriptive statistics through SPSS version 21

Results: All the studied centers used laptop platform, of which 95% [19 Centers] had camera platform and 80% had monitors with full HD resolution. Of all the centers, 14.44% used clinical facilities and equipment and 85% [17 centers] had required facilities to hold video conferences. Totally, there was 21.31% of the required communicational protocol to establish telemedicine. The average internet network bandwidth of health centers was 644.68 MB/S

Conclusion: According to the current condition of technical infrastructure of telemedicine, it is suggested that authorities make decisions and policies to develop and improve technical infrastructure for providing more advanced services in the field of telemedicine

sources of work stress among nurses in private hospitals in shiraz, 2016 sources of work stress among nurses in private hospitals in Shiraz, 2016

Introduction: Since there are few studies on stress experienced by nursing staff in private hospitals, this study aimed to determine the sources of job stress among nurses in private hospitals in southwest of Iran

Method: In a cross-sectional design, nurses in private hospitals in Shiraz were investigated; about 160 nurses were selected by single-stage cluster sampling as the study samples in three selected hospitals. A standard questionnaire on the sources of job stress was used for data collection. The data were analyzed through SPSS, version 21, using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The level of significance was considered as 0.05

Results: Five important causes of stress among nurses were low income, lack of job security, work-home interface, lack of enough time for work, and exposure with unsuitable physical situation. There were significant associations between the source of stress and having persons with chronic disease in family and concurrent education and work [P = 0.021, X2= 426.5 and P = 0.022, X2 = 717.5, respectively]

Conclusion: The sources of job stress should be considered for effective working of the hospital. Attention to nurses' salary and job security reduces job stress

Readiness of Shiraz teaching hospitals to implement Electronic Medical Record [EMR]

Introduction: due to the importance of Electronic Medical Record [EMR] in the quality of health care services, checking the readiness of hospitals to implement it is a vital step to define success or failure of the Electronic Medical Record in the first place. The aim of this study was to evaluate the readiness of Shiraz teaching hospitals to implement Electronic Medical Record

Method: this study was a cross-sectional descriptive study done in 2015. The study population included Health Information Management [HIM] staff of Shiraz teaching hospitals. Five hospitals from a total of 14 hospitals were selected as Single-stage cluster sampling with a population of 79 health information management staff. Data collection was performed by using a validated questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of three main dimensions including technical, organizational and legal requirements. For data analysis, SPSS software version 16 and one way Analysis of Variance [ANOVA] for comparisons between five hospitals were used

Results: the results showed that Shiraz teaching hospitals have high readiness [3.66 out of 5] to implement Electronic Medical Record. Shiraz teaching hospitals are better prepared in terms of legal requirements. Also, a significant difference was not observed among the hospitals in any of the technical, organizational and legal aspects [P > 0.05]

Conclusion: due to the importance of the technical, organizational and legal aspects in the implementation of Electronic Medical Record, it is recommended that the authorities consider these aspects in implementation of Electronic Medical Record. Also, according to the high readiness of Shiraz teaching hospitals to implement Electronic Medical Record, it is recommended that authorities should take necessary measures, including financial support in order to run it

Attitudes and behaviors related to introduction of Electronic Health Record [EHR] among Shiraz University students in 2014

Introduction: Electronic Health Record contains all the information related to the health of citizens, from before birth to death have been consistently over time is electronically stored and will be available without regard to location or time all or part of it to authorized persons. The acceptance of EHR by citizens is important in successful implementation of it. The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes and behaviors related to the introduction of electronic health records among Shiraz university student

Method: The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive survey. The study population consisted of all Shiraz University students. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire and data were analyzed in SPSS v.16 software, using descriptive statistical tests. Also, the samples, i.e. 384 students, were selected through convenient sampling

Results: The results showed that most of the students kept their medical records at home to show them to a specialist and only 15% of them were familiar with the Electronic Health Records term. The use of Electronic Health Records for Maintenance of drug prescriptions was of the most importance

Conclusion: Among the students who are educated class and the source of change, the university students' familiarity with Electronic Health Records is too low and most of them were not even familiar with its name and it is very important to implement this system familiarize the users on how to use it sufficiently