ABSTRACT
BackgroundIn 1988, the Forty-first World Health Assembly adopted a resolution for the Global Polio Eradication.Since the initiative was launched, number of polio cases has fallen by over 99%. Today, only threecountries in the world, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Nigeria - remain polio-endemic. The Polio Eradicationand Endgame Strategic Plan of 2013-2018 calls for the gradual eradication of wild virus strain and thevaccine virus strain at the same time. In order to prevent the border transmission of wild type poliovirus,virus leakage from laboratories, it is required to conduct inventory of laboratories handling poliovirus andpotential infectious materials every 2 year.GoalTo identify laboratories handling poliovirus and potential infectious materialsMethodsSurvey of laboratories handling poliovirus and potential infectious materials was conducted amongstate, private, clinical, biomedical and environmental testing in total of 127 laboratories operating in21 provinces and 9 districts of Ulaanbaatar city by questionnaire. Survey questionnaire consists of 6sections (general, sample storage, laboratory biosafety, staff knowledge, information source, trainingand etc.). Study results were processed using SPSS-19 statistical programme.Results34.7% of 96 biomedical laboratories were analyzed stool samples. These laboratories were analyzedrotavirus (17.0%), intestinal bacteria (67.0%), Helicobacter (14.3%), parasite and other indicators (1.7%)in stool samples. 43.8% of laboratories were stored stool samples for one day and 3.1% up to oneyear. From 31 environmental testing laboratories 73.3% were bacterialdetection test on environmentalsamples. 60% of wastewater samples were collected from rivers, 16% on entrance to wastewatertreatment plant and after biological treatment combined, and 24% from other sources. Soil sampleswere collected near waste disposal and other sources (46.4%), and from unknown sources (53.6%).24.1% of all laboratories were stored environmental samples for 3 days, 3.4% for 45 days. Accordingto results, surveyed laboratories did not store samples for more than 1 year. Also, none of surveyedlaboratories (100%) were not stored poliovirus and potential infectious materials.Conclusion· The investigated laboratories were not stored poliovirus and potential infectious materials.· The biosafety and biosecurity status of laboratories should be improved in near future throughenhancing knowledge of laboratory workers and organizing training related to biosafetyandbiosecurity.
ABSTRACT
The role of NO in the regulation of gastric acid secretion was examined in the anaesthetized adult male albino rats. Continuous i.v. infusion of the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside [SNP, 12mg/kg/h] significantly inhibited both basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion which was mediated neuronally by gastric distension [20 cm H2O or i.v. bolus administration of 2-deosxy -D- glucose [150 mg/kg], as well as gastric acid responses induced by i.v infusion of submaximal doses of pentagastrin [8 micro g/kg/h]. By contrast, gastric acid responses to i.v. infusion of submaximal doses of histamine [1 mg/kg/h] were not influenced by the NO donor. Pretreatment with N[G] - nitro-L-arginine methylester[L-NAME, 10mg/kg, i.v.] did not affect basal acid secretion, but significantly potentiated the increase in acid secretion induced by 2-deoxy-D- glucose which was almost completely antagonized by coadministration of L-arginine [500 mg/kg, i.p.] and slightly augmented the acid secretory response to pentagastrin. Moreover, it was found that pentagastrin infusion caused an increase in luminal release of histamine and this response was significantly suppressed by i.v infusion of the NO donor.Intraperitoneal [i.p] administration of cimetidine [60 mg/kg], a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, significantly inhibited the increase in acid secretion in response to 2-deoxy-D-glucose [150 mg/kg, i.v.], pentagastrin [8 micro g/kg/h, i.v] and histamine [I mg/kg/h, i.v.] infusion. In conclusion, the present study suggests that NO has an inhibitory action on gastric acid secretion that may be through suppression of histamine release from enterochromaffin like [ECL] cells
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Gastric Juice/chemistry , Enterochromaffin Cells , Histamine Release , Rats , Gastric Juice/analysisABSTRACT
This study was designed to assess serum levels of placenta growth factor [PGF] throughout normal pregnancy and in cases of preeclampsia admitted to department of Gynecology and Obstetric, Zagazig University Hospital, and Zagazig General Hospital. Serum samples were collected from: 1] Thirty healthy pregnant women throughout normal gestation i.e 10[th] week [1[st] trimester], 20[th] week [2[nd] trimester], 30[th] week [3[rd] trimester] and at term]. 2] Thirty preeclamptic patients divided into 8 mild to moderate and 22 severe preeclampsia according to the level of the arterial blood pressure, the magnitude of proteinuria /24h and the presence of generalized edema in addition to serum uric acid level. Moreover, in order to evaluate the effect of the mode of delivery on serum levels of PGF,maternal and cord blood samples were taken from cases of normal pregnancy delivered either by uncomplicated vaginal delivery [n = 30] or by cesarean section [n = 30]. PGF levels were determined with an antigen - capture enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]. It was found that maternal PGF levels during normal pregnancy increased significantly from the 10[th] week to the 20[th] week, to reach a very highly statistically significant level at the 30[th] week, then significantly declined from 30 weeks gestation to delivery. However, at term PGF levels remained significantly higher than that in the 1[st] trimester [10[th] week]. Significantly less maternal PGF levels [P < 0.001] were found in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia despite insignificant change in placental mass. However, a significant difference in PGF levels - between severe and mild to moderate cases of preeclampsia was detected. On the other hand, it was found that