ABSTRACT
Background: The reduction of suicidal attempts as one of the most important goals is improvement of societies' health status. The present study aimed to assess the epidemiologic aspects of suicide cases in Fars province in 2010-2011
Methods: A total of 9714 suicide cases in Fars province, south of Iran, in 2010-2011 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study through census. The study data were collected using suicide registry forms in the health centers affiliated to Fars province department of health services and analyzed using SPSS, version 17
Results: The rate of suicide attempts was 116.5 per 100,000 population in Fars province [93per 100,000 among men and 141.5 per 100,000 among women]. The results showed significant differences between the suicide rates based on sex, age group, place of living, and season of the year [P<0.001]. Most of these cases were female [59.4%], single [52.9%], 15-24 years old [56.4%], had high school education [25.8%], lived in urban areas [69.6%] and were female homemakers [30.3%]. Based on the data, however, the largest number of suicide deaths resulted from self-immolation [56.7%]
Conclusion: The present study findings revealed different rates of suicidal attempts based on sex and age group. Also, the importance of education and mental support, especially among women and singles, and also preventive measures in the context of uncontrolled immigration from the countryside to the large cities seems to essential more than ever. Yet, defects in some findings, particularly information about etiology, suggest that more researches should be conducted and suicide data registry and reporting systems should be improved
ABSTRACT
The rabies is one of the most important officially-known viral zoonotic diseases for its global distribution, outbreak, high human and veterinary costs, and high death rate and causes high economic costs in different countries of the world every year. The rabies is the deadliest disease and if the symptoms break out in a person, one will certainly die. However, the deaths resulting from rabies can be prevented by post-exposure prophylaxis. To do so, in Iran and most of the countries in the world, all the people who are exposed to animal bite receive Post-Exposure Prophylaxis [PEP] treatment. The present survey aimed to investigate the cost-effectiveness of PEP in southern Iran. The present study estimated the PEP costs from the government's Perspective with step-down method for the people exposed to animal bite, estimated the number of DALYs prevented by PEP in the individuals using decision Tree model, and computed the Incremental cost-effectiveness Ratio. The information collected of all reported animal bite cases [n=7111] in Fars Province, who referred rabies registries in urban and rural health centers to receive active care. Performing the PEP program cost estimated 1,052,756.1 USD for one year and the estimated cost for the treatment of each animal bite case and each prevented death was 148.04 and 5945.42 USD, respectively. Likewise 4,509.82 DALYs were prevented in southern Iran in 2011 by PEP program. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for each DALY was estimated to be 233.43 USD. In addition to its full effectiveness in prophylaxis from rabies, PEP program saves the financial resources of the society, as well. This study showed performing PEP to be more cost-effective
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Post-Exposure Prophylaxis/economicsABSTRACT
Objective [s]: The rising of risky injections has caused HIV infections epidemics among Intravenous Drug Users [IDUs]. So, high costs of HIV/AIDS care and low financial resources necessitate economic evaluation to choose the best decision to control HIV/AIDS. This study was conducted to determine cost-effectiveness of Methadone Maintenance Treatment [MMT] centers to prevent HIV infections among IDUs
Methods: In this study, we selected all seven MMT centers and their IDUs [n = 259]. We calculated all costs from government perspective. Mathematical models were used to estimate number of HIV cases averted from risky injecting behaviors changes
Results: Total cost of MMT centers was 204297.7 dollar and cost of HIV/AIDS care in no intervention scenario, was estimated 13942756.8 dollar. ICER was 109035.3 dollar per HIV case averted based on an estimated 126 HIV case averted. The results of the sensitivity analysis indicated that MMT intervention is cost-effective even in worst scenario and ICER varies from 39149.42 dollar to 290004.1 dollar per HIV case averted
Conclusion: Considering to high effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of MMT centers, it is necessary to develop these centers in regional and national levels to cover the high risk people more