ABSTRACT
Background and Aims: the aim of this research was to compare active and passive recovery after a session of intense exhaustive training on the level of serotonin in the serum of the runners
Materials and Methods: in this semi-experimental study, 26 male elite runners were randomly assigned to two groups of active [n=12] and passive [n=14] recovery. Half an hour before the start of the training, 5 ml blood was drawn from the subjects, and then each subject was tested starting training on treadmill for Bruce test until reaching exhaustion. Immediately and then 10 minutes after the Bruce test, 5 ml of blood was drawn again for measuring serotonin
Results and Conclusions: the mean of serotonin in three steps of before, immediately after and 10 minutes after recovery were 360.83+/-250.05, 459.67+/-302.13, 514.5+/-440.48 ng/ml, respectively in the active recovery group, and 141.26 +/- 92.41, 241.04 +/- 104.78, 214.34 +/- 120.03 ng/ml in the passive recovery group. There was a significant difference between the amount of serotonin after recovery and that of before. However, the type of recovery program after exercise had no effect on the serum serotonin level of the runners
ABSTRACT
Loss of the penis can have a devastating effect on the lives of sufferers with significant psychogenic implications. Penile reconstruction or phallus construction poses a difficult challenge and a demanding problem to the urologists and plastic surgeons. Different techniques have been used for construction of a total penis and reconstruction of severely injured penis. The objective of this review was to determine the efficacy, advantages and disadvantages of the most popular penile reconstruction [PR] and phallus construction techniques. We searched without language restriction MEDLINE, Pre-MEDLINE EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials [CENTRAL] from January 1960 to January 2009. In addition, we searched the citation lists of relevant articles and book chapters. Studies evaluating the functional and cosmetic results of different techniques of total phallus construction [TPC] and penile reconstruction [PR] were identified. Two authors independently evaluated studies for selection, study quality, and extracted data. The primary outcome was creation of a sensate and cosmetically acceptable phallus. The secondary outcomes were competent neourethra that allows voiding in comfortable position, sexual intercourse, and the rate of complications. One hundred and forty-six studies with a total of 1622 patients were included in this review. Data from the available studies are insufficient to recommend any technique for TPC or PR. In the absence of evidence to support any method, the review authors recommend the one-stage TPC or PR. Further studies are warranted, preferably multi-centered studies