ABSTRACT
Different treatment strategies of Alzheimers disease [AD] are being studied for treating or slowing the progression of AD. Many pharmaceutically important regulation systems operate through proteins as drug targets. Here, we investigate the drug target proteins in beta-amyloid [A beta] injected rat hippocampus treated with Lavandula angustifolia [LA] by proteomics techniques. The reported study showed that lavender extract [LE] improves the spatial performance in AD animal model by diminishing A beta production in histopathology of hippocampus, so in this study neuroprotective proteins expressed in A beta injected rats treated with LE were scrutinized. Rats were divided into three groups including normal, A beta injected, and A beta injected that was treated with LE. Protein expression profiles of hippocampus tissue were determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis [2DE] method and dysregulated proteins such as Snca, NF-L, Hspa5, Prdx2, Apoa1, and Atp5a1were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF. KEGG pathway and gene ontology [GO] categories were used by searching DAVID Bioinformatics Resources. All detected protein spots were used to determine predicted interactions with other proteins in STRING online database. Different isoforms of important protein, Snca that exhibited neuroprotective effects by anti-apoptotic properties were expressed. NF-L involved in the maintenance of neuronal caliber. Hspa5 likewise Prdx2 displays as anti-apoptotic protein that Prdx2 also involved in the neurotrophic effects. Apoa1 has anti-inflammatory activity and Atp5a1, produces ATP from ADP. To sum up, these proteins as potential drug targets were expressed in hippocampus in response to effective components in LA may have therapeutic properties for the treatment of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy , Drug Delivery Systems , Protein Transport , Models, Animal , RatsABSTRACT
Resin cements, regardless of their biocompatibility, have been widely used in restorative dentistry during the recent years. These cements contain hydroxy ethyl methacrylate [HEMA] molecules which are claimed to penetrate into dentinal tubules and may affect dental pulp. Since tooth preparation for metal ceramic restorations involves a large surface of the tooth, cytotoxicity of these cements would be more important in fixed prosthodontic treatments. The purpose of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of two resin cements [Panavia F2 and Rely X Plus] versus zinc phosphate cement [Harvard] using rat L929-fibroblasts in vitro. In this experimental study, ninety hollow glass cylinders [internal diameter 5-mm, height 2-mm] were made and divided into three groups. Each group was filled with one of three experimental cements; Harvard Zinc Phosphate cement, Panavia F2 resin cement and Rely X Plus resin cement. L929- Fibroblast were passaged and subsequently cultured in 6-well plates of 5x10[5] cells each. The culture medium was RPMI_ 1640. All samples were incubated in CO[2]. Using enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay [ELISA] and [3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] [MTT] assay, the cytotoxicity of the cements was investigated at 1 hour, 24 hours and one week post exposure. Statistical analyses were performed via two-way ANOVA and honestly significant difference [HSD] Tukey tests. This study revealed significant differences between the three cements at the different time intervals. Harvard cement displayed the greatest cytotoxicity at all three intervals. After 1 hour Panavia F2 showed the next greatest cytotoxicity, but after 24-hours and oneweek intervals Rely X Plus showed the next greatest cytotoxicity. The results further showed that cytotoxicity decreased significantly in the Panavia F2 group with time [p<0.005], cytotoxicity increased significantly in the Rely X Plus group with time [p<0.001], and the Harvard cement group failed to showed no noticeable change in cytotoxicity with time. Although this study has limitations, it provides evidence that Harvard zinc phosphate cement is the most cytotoxic product and Panavia F2 appears to be the least cytotoxic cement over time