ABSTRACT
Objective@#Iran has a low incidence of cervical cancer (CC). The country is introducing an organized screening system, including human papillomavirus screening. Studies show a high dropout rate among eligible women in continuing testing. @*Methods@#This descriptive-analytic study was part of the first phase of a clinical trial conducted on a random sample of 400 women aged 18–49 in Andimeshk City, Khuzestan Province, in 2020. The data collection tool consisted of a man-made questionnaire that included domains of demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, practice, and self-efficacy in the Pap smear test. The data were analyzed with Stata-16 using linear and logistic regression models. @*Results@#The mean knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy scores were 6.80±2.33, 34.99±4.32, and 28.67±7.34, respectively. In the multiple models, every unit increase in the knowledge or attitude scores raised the mean self-efficacy score by 1.04 and 0.48, respectively (P<0.001). Every unit increase in the knowledge and self-efficacy scores increased the chance of performing Pap smear 1.61 and 1.41 times, respectively (P<0.001). @*Conclusion@#Given the association of women’s knowledge and self-efficacy with practice in performing the Pap smear, it seems that an effective program promoting women’s health behavior regarding CC screening would include applied education to raise community awareness and improve women’s attitudes, self-efficacy, and practice.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#Iran has a low incidence of cervical cancer (CC). The country is introducing an organized screening system, including human papillomavirus screening. Studies show a high dropout rate among eligible women in continuing testing. @*Methods@#This descriptive-analytic study was part of the first phase of a clinical trial conducted on a random sample of 400 women aged 18–49 in Andimeshk City, Khuzestan Province, in 2020. The data collection tool consisted of a man-made questionnaire that included domains of demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, practice, and self-efficacy in the Pap smear test. The data were analyzed with Stata-16 using linear and logistic regression models. @*Results@#The mean knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy scores were 6.80±2.33, 34.99±4.32, and 28.67±7.34, respectively. In the multiple models, every unit increase in the knowledge or attitude scores raised the mean self-efficacy score by 1.04 and 0.48, respectively (P<0.001). Every unit increase in the knowledge and self-efficacy scores increased the chance of performing Pap smear 1.61 and 1.41 times, respectively (P<0.001). @*Conclusion@#Given the association of women’s knowledge and self-efficacy with practice in performing the Pap smear, it seems that an effective program promoting women’s health behavior regarding CC screening would include applied education to raise community awareness and improve women’s attitudes, self-efficacy, and practice.
ABSTRACT
Objective: Oral hygiene must start at a young age. Childhood is the perfect time to start the conversion of knowledge into creative thinking and subsequent health care activity. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of oral hygiene instruction via an educational film for oral health promotion of elementary students
Methods: In this experimental, interventional, before and after study, data were collected using an author-designed questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using face validity while its reliability was approved using Cronbach's alpha statistics. The study population comprised of all four graders of an elementary school in district 14 of Tehran in 2012-2013. An educational package containing an educational film on oral hygiene suitable for children aged 10-12 years was prepared and a questionnaire was designed according to the educational content of the film. The questionnaires were filled by the students before and two weeks after watching the film. Data were analyzed using paired t-test at 0.05 level of significance
Results: Significant differences were noted in level of knowledge, attitude and function of students after the intervention compared to their baseline state. According to t-test, the mean knowledge, the mean attitude and the mean short-term performance scores after the intervention were 15.43 [0.9 increase] [p<0.05], 28.11 [9.35 increase] [p<0.001] and 26.79 [9.02 increase] [p<0.001] respectively
Conclusion: This study indicated the positive effect of instruction via an educational film on knowledge, attitude and short-term performance of students in terms of oral hygiene. Health workers must plan such effective interventions to promote public dental health
ABSTRACT
Objective[s]: Withdrawal contraception accompanied with high unwanted and morbidity .the aim of this study to gain of the knowledge, perceptions and experiences of using contraceptive methods withdrawal users to design effective effective intervention for them
Methods: In the first stage qualitative methods used to elicit questionnaire with 50 women .In the second stage cross-sectional study was performed 300 women attending to the health care centers in west Tehran were selected randomly. In the both of them women were not intended to become pregnant and use withdrawal contraception .data analyzed by using descriptive statistical tests
Results: They had used modern contraceptive methods before withdrawal in 70.7 percent .The mean withdrawal usage was 60.5 4.9 and modern contraceptive was 2.3 2.9 years. The most common source of information on modern contraceptive was health care providers and informal sources. The women are familiar with emergency contraception in 34 percent. Unwanted pregnancy related to withdrawal contraception was 33/7 percent. The most common beliefs related to oral pills nervousness [79.3%] obesity [26.7%] infertility [79.3%], IUD infection [34%] pregnancy [22.7%], spontaneous movement [21%] condom, pregnancy [73.7%] and three monthly injection, pregnancy [33.3%]
Conclusion: It was important that planners will be design family planning packages should contain programs to correct the wrong beliefs. Side effects of modern contraception should be as soon as possible recognizing. They counselors must be guided them .Positive attitude related to withdrawal contraception suggests that family planning programs disseminated essential information among this groups