Incidence of stroke in context of hypertension in local population

This study was carried out to study the incidence of stroke in the people who have high blood pressure. This study was conducted on patients of stroke during 2004 at department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health sciences [LUHMS] Jamshoro, Pakistan. Study population comprised of 100 hypertensive patients of stroke [64 men, 36 women] from different wards of LUMHS Jamshoro. Each patient was examined in detail, and investigated for blood pressure measurements, blood glucose, blood urea, serum creatinine, electrocardiogram and, CT scan of brain. A hypo dense and hyper dense area on CT scan of brain was labelled as infarction and haemorrhage respectively. The stroke patients due to other risk factors or not confirmed by CT scan were excluded from study. Nearly three quarters of patients [74] who exhibits stroke were suffered from raised blood pressure. Out in two type's, i.e., hemorrhagic and infarctive stroke, the maximum number [36] of patients belongs to severe hypertension [p<0.05]. Site wise putamen and hypothalamus were the chief anatomical sites suffered in hemorrhagic stroke [p<0.8], while almost all [46] patients showed infarction at corona radiata and internal capsule. Virtually every one was [88] displayed complete stroke. Cerebral haemorrhage is more common in hypertensive stroke patients as compared to cerebral infarction and hypertension is most common modifiable risk factor for stroke

Non high density lipoprotein cholesterol in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Dyslipidemia consisting of elevated triglyceride, decreased HDL, and low-density lipoproteins LDL particles of altered composition is an important cardiovascular disease [CVD] risk factor in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Measure of Non-HDL cholesterol might be a useful marker of this risk. Presuming the value of non-HDL cholesterol we intend to determine whether non-HDL cholesterol, a measure of total cholesterol minus HDL cholesterol is elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Study population comprised of 60 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus [24 men, 36 women] from diabetic clinic Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center Karachi. Each subject was interviewed, examined, and investigated for blood pressure measurements, body mass index, and fasting blood glucose. Blood sample was analyzed to determine serum total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol on auto analyzer after at least a 12-h overnight fast. The level of non-HDL cholesterol was elevated significantly [p<0.01] in hypertensive patients of type 2 diabetes in contrast to normotensive patients of same disease, while HDL cholesterol shows significant decrease [29.46 +/- 6.55] in hypertensive diabetics as compared to normotensive diabetics [34.43 +/- 9.44]. Non-HDL cholesterol was elevated in type 2 diabetics who suffering from hypertension

Smoking is related to albumin excretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Smoking is related to premature development of multiple complications of diabetes mellitus and it also increases the risk for albuminuria type 2 diabetes mellitus. So, present study was carried out to determine the association between smoking and albumin excretion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A cross sectional analytical study conducted on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus during 2004 at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center Karachi. Study population included 75 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus [50 men, 25 women] from diabetic clinic Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center Karachi 25 non diabetics [15 men. 10 women] from general population as control. Each subject was interviewed, examined, and investigated for blood pressure measurements, body mass index, fasting serum glucose, urinary volume, urinary albumin, urinary albumin excretion rate, and smoking years. Patients having clinical albuminuria and with other causes of proteinuria were excluded. Albumin excretion was highly significant [p<0.001] in smoker type 2 diabetics as compared to smoker non diabetics. Similarly, albuminura was increased [p<0.001] in smoker type 2 diabetics in comparison with non smoker type 2 diabetics. A significant correlation was found between years of smoking and albuminuria [r=0.448, p<0.05] in smoker type 2 diabetics. Albumin excretion correlates with smoking in type 2 diabetics