ABSTRACT
Background: Hepatitis is a public health problem throughout the world. The chances of job-related exposure to hepatitis among healthcare workers is a key concern, particularly among students in healthcare profession
Methods: This six months [Jan to Jun 2017] cross-sectional study was carried out at Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad. Total 300 MBBS students [1st to 4th year] took part in this study. Data was collected using validated self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used to find out the association between variables in the study
Results:Of 300 medical students, 40.6 percent were males and 59.4 percent were females. Female and older students demonstrated higher knowledge regarding hepatitis B and C, route of transmission, and availability of treatment for hepatitis B and C. Among them, 58.7 percent of males and 61.4 percent females had sufficient basic knowledge about hepatitis B and C. Moreover, 54 percent males and 57 percent females had good knowledge about sources for spreading of hepatitis while 54 percent males and 62 percent females had good knowledge regarding prevention against hepatitis. From total 300 students, 156 [52 percent] were vaccinated against hepatitis B. Lack of time was the most common reason reported for not being vaccinated against hepatitis B
Conclusion: The majority of participants in this study showed sufficient knowledge concerning HBV and HCV, route of transmission and prevention
Conclusion: It was concluded that CTG coupled with fetal blood sampling for fetal pH versus carditocography alone is an accurate method for assessment of fetal condition in labour to decide the mode of delivery and neonatal outcome after birth
ABSTRACT
Background: Neonatal sepsis [NS] is a major cause of neonatal admissions to hospital and mortality. This study was conducted to evaluate different methods for rapid and reliable diagnosis of NS with an aim to rationalize the use of antibiotics and stay in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Objectives: To compare the different available methods for rapid and reliable diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Study design, settings and duration: This comparative study was conducted in Emergency Department of National Institute of Child Health [NICH] Karachi for the period of six months
Subjects and Methods: Neonates who were brought to the emergency department of National Institute of Child Health with suspicion of NS were clinically examined. Those, supposed to be septic were included as study population and informed written consent was taken from their parents. After this, 3 ml blood was drawn for complete blood count [CBC], blood culture, C-reactive protein [CRP], polymerase chain reaction [PCR] and neutrophilic ratio. PCR and CRP results were compared with blood culture for specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values
Results: Out of 129 neonates, 23 [17.82%] were positive for bacterial DNA by PCR method while 42 [32.55%] were positive for infection when tested for C reactive protein marker of the blood. Whereas, only 15 [11.62%] were positive by blood culture. Sensitivity and specificity of PCR were 60% and 88% while positive and negative predictive values were 39% and 94% respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of C reactive protein were 60% and 71% while positive and negative predictive values were 21% and 93% respectively
Conclusion: Our study revealed high specificity and positive predictive values of PCR suggesting that PCR is more reliable, rapid and specific adjunct of blood culture for diagnosis of NS
ABSTRACT
The pattern and outcome of neonatal diseases varies not only in different geographical settings and time spans but it also changes within the same unit at different times. Moreover, it can also be used to determine the availability, utilization and effectiveness of mother and child health services in the community. To determine and correlate the pattern and outcome of neonatal ailments in a tertiary care children hospital Karachi. Descriptive observational study carried out at National Institute of Child Health Karachi from 1st February 2011 to 31st January 2012. Subjects and The data regarding the demography, diagnosis and outcome of all admitted neonates was obtained from the patient's files. The data was entered and analyzed on Statistical Package for Social Sciences 17 to find out the frequency and mortality rate of various diseases among the patients. [p value of <0.05 was taken as significant]. A total of 4747 neonates were admitted during the study period. The male to female ratio was 1:0.6. Majority [66.2%] were referred within 72 hours of birth. The major causes of admission were sepsis [29.2%], low birth weight [23.4%], birth asphyxia [11.3%], prematurity [9.8%], meconium aspiration syndrome [8.9%], neonatal jaundice [7.0%] and pneumonia [6.4%]. Almost 55.6% cases were discharged after improvement, 29.9% expired, and 12% left against medical advice [LAMA]. Sepsis and low birth weight showed strong correlation [>/= 57.81] with overall mortality rates. Sepsis and low birth weight were the major causes of death. Public awareness and use of MNCH facilities by the communities need to be further stressed to reduce neonatal mortality and morbidity. Policy message: Monitoring of high risk pregnancies at the antenatal checkups, timely referral and availability of resuscitation facilities at delivery sites must be ensured. Regular awareness workshops for health care providers and community especially mothers could also be helpful