ABSTRACT
Mongolian medicine (MM) is an important part of Mongolian culture. Exploration of MM can play a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases and can help provide better health care globally. In this article, we gave a brief introduction to the origin and development of MM, the theoretical system of MM, the principles of Mongolian materia medica formula, the modern research on Mongolian materia medica and the quality control of Mongolian materia medica. The present situation and outlook of MM were also discussed.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE@#This study evaluated the angular kinematic and moment of the ankle and foot during shod walking and barefoot walking in individuals with unilateral chronic ankle instability (CAI).@*METHODS@#Recreational soccer players with unilateral CAI were recruited for this cross sectional study conducted between January and August 2019. A total of 40 participants were screened for eligibility but only 31 met the inclusion criteria based on the methods of Delahunt et al and Gribble et al. Except for 3 participants not attending the evaluation session, 28 participants were finally included. A three dimensional motion analysis system made up of ProReflex motion capture unit and an AMTIb Kistler force plate, embedded in the middle of nine meter walkway, were used to assess the ankle and foot angles and moment during shod walking and barefoot walking conditions. A Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 20.0) was used to analyze data.@*RESULTS@#During shod walking, the ankle joint plantar-flexion range of motion (ROM) at 10% of the gait cycle (GC) and dorsiflexion ROM at 30% of the GC were significantly higher than those during barefoot walking for both feet (p = 0.001, 0.001, 0.027, and 0.036 respectively). The inversion ROM during shod walking was significantly higher than that during barefoot walking for both feet at 10% and 30% of the GC (p = 0.001. 0.001, 0.001, and 0.042 respectively). At 10% of the GC, the eversion moment was significantly higher between barefoot and shod walking for both feet (both p = 0.001). At 30% of the GC, there was no significant difference between shod and barefoot walking plantar-flexion moment of both feet (p = 0.975 and 0.763 respectively), and the eversion moment of both feet (p = 0.116 and 0.101 respectively).@*CONCLUSION@#At the early stance, shod walking increases the ankle plantar-flexion and foot inversion ROM, and decreases the eversion moment for both feet in subjects with unilateral CAI. Therefore, the foot wearing condition should be considered during evaluation of ankle and foot kinematics and kinetics.
ABSTRACT
In this study, we studied the solubility and permeability of matrine, oxymatrine, sophoridine, and oxysophocarpine, four alkaloids in the Mongolian herbal medicine Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, and evaluated the absorption mechanism with the Caco-2 cell model, so as to provide a basis for the new drug development and efficacy evaluation of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix. The results showed that all the four alkaloids had high solubility and high permeability and can be well absorbed, belonging to the class-I drugs of Biopharmaceutical Classification System(BCS). The absorption(AP→BL) and excretion(BL→AP) of matrine and oxymatrine were not affected by the concentration while the absorption depended on P-gp protein. The absorption(AP→BL) and excretion(BL→AP) of sophoridine and oxysophocarpine were positively related to the concentration and time, and the absorption process was independent from P-gp protein. The results provide scientific reference and an experimental basis for the development of Mongolian medical prescriptions containing Sophorae Flavescentis Radix.
Subject(s)
Humans , Alkaloids , Biological Products , Caco-2 Cells , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Herbal Medicine , SophoraABSTRACT
To explore the characteristics of soil microbial communities of Cistanche deserticola and Cynomorium songaricum, two typical parasitic medicinal plants that live in an extreme saline alkali environment, 16S PCR was used to sequence the soil microbial communities of C. deserticola and C. songaricum in Ebinur Lake, Xinjiang. Redundancy analysis and correlation analysis were carried out based on the abundance of core microbiome and ecoclimatic factors. The results show that the diversity of the soil microbial community of C. deserticola was significantly higher than that of C. songaricum. The core microbial groups of C. deserticola and C. songaricum were Marinomona, Halomonadaceae, Rhizobiales, Halomonas, and Acidimicrobiales. Six specific biomarkers were identified as Micrococcacea, Echinicola, Glutamicibacter, Galbibacter, Pseudoalteromonas, and Marinobacterium_ rhizophilum. The results of redundancy analysis and correlation analysis show that the average temperature in the driest season and the average temperature in the coldest season, and the clay content and soil texture classification were the main ecological factors affecting the composition of these soil microbial communities. This study provides a theoretical basis for finding molecular markers of C. deserticola and C. songaricum and promoting the quality of C. deserticola and C. songaricum.
ABSTRACT
There are no recommendations for assessing the effect of potential drugs on the hemostatic system irrespective of theanticipated application area, which leads to long-term financial losses. The examples of papaverine hydrochloride,pentoxifylline, and acetylsalicylic acid demonstrated the potential of thromboelastography (TEG) as a screening methodfor products that affect the hemostatic system, the safety assessment method for hypercoagulability/hypocoagulability,and the thrombosis model, using tissue factor (TF) or thrombin. The blood of male donor patients (n = 60) with acutede novo thrombosis (n = 90) was used. Using activated TEG, in vitro hemostatic system hyperactivity modeling wascarried out with the blood of healthy male donors (n = 20); 0.2 М CaCl2, recombinant TF, and thrombin were used asTEG activators. General coagulation tendency (R), functional activity of thrombocytes and fibrinogens (МА, Angle),fibrinolysis activity, and physical–mechanical properties of formed clots were determined from thromboelastograms.The effect of anti-aggregants was characterized by a significant decrease in МА. The potential of TEG as a screeningmethod for assessing the effect of new pharmacological agents on the hemostatic system at preclinical stage wasdemonstrated; the possibility of safety assessment for hypercoagulability/hypocoagulability was shown; and thecomparability of hemostatic parameters of the patients with thrombosis and TEG, activated by TF and/or thrombinwas demonstrated.
ABSTRACT
Objective::Sixty-nine germplasm samples of Picria felterrae collected from the main producing areas in Guangxi were subject to genetic diversity and genetic relationship analyses using the simple seguence repeat(SSR) molecular marker technology and good germplasm genes associated with the content of picfeltarraenins were screened so as to provide references for germplasm resource evaluation, phylogenetic analysis, and molecular mark assisted breeding of that species. Method::20 pairs of randomly selected primers were amplified based on the transcriptome sequencing technology. The genetic diversity of and genetic relationship between the 69 samples were analyzed using the genetic polymorphic information for each marker locus, and one-variable linear regression and multiple stepwise regression analyses were performed to screen molecular markers associated with the content of picfeltarraenins. Result::The amplification using the 20 pairs of SSR primers produced 76 alleles, 3.8 alleles for each locus on average, higher than effective alleles (1.969 2), and the rare allele rate was 38.2%, suggesting that the alleles distributed unequally. The polymorphism rates of alleles varied between 0-59%, with an average of 38.24%, showing a great difference among loci. The polymorphic information content (PIC) varied between 0-0.621 1, with an average of 0.378 0.Shannon polymorphic information index varied between 0-1.240 1, with an average of 0.759.Nei's gene diversity index (Nei) varied between 0-0.682 3, with an average of 0.440 9.P21 had the highest level accompanied with the lowest P7 for the above three indexes, and significant genetic diversity differences were identified among the loci. For all loci, the mean observed heterozygosity was 0.382 4, lower than the average expected heterozygosity of 0.442 5, suggesting the loss of heterozygosity, the average genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) was 0.365 9 and the average gene flow Nm was 0.433 2, suggesting a high genetic divergence and a low gene flow. The results of one-variable linear regression and multiple stepwise regression showed that there were 5 loci related to each of the picfeltarraenin IA and IB, and only 1 loci was associated with the content of both. Conclusion::There were significant differences in the genetic diversity of 20 SSR marker sites, and the 69 germplasm samples were greatly genetically differentiated and had low gene flow. From the selected 20 SSR markers 9 marker loci associated with the content of picfeltarraenin IA and IB were selected. The results can be used as a reference for phylogenetic analysis and selective breeding of Picria felterrae.
ABSTRACT
The solubility and permeability on four kinds of flavonoids (kaempferol, hesperidin, apigenin, genistein) were test according to the theory of biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS), and their absorption mechanism. The solubility was investigated by the method in determination of solubility of "Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010". To detect appearance permeability of compounds mentioned above, the appropriate concentrations were selected by the MTT method in cell transfer experiments in Caco-2 cell model, which established by in vitro cell culture method. Therefore, these compounds were classified with BCS according to solubility and permeability. In addition, to explore absorption mechanisms, the experiments in three different concentrations of compounds in high, medium and low in bidirectional transformation methods in Caco-2 cell model contacted. The study indicated that all of kaempferol, hesperidin, apigenin, genistein have the characteristics in low solubility and high permeability, which belong to BCSⅡ, and the absorption mechanism of kaempferol was active transportation. Whereas, hesperidin, apigenin, genistein were passive transportation. In this study, it carried out initial explorations on establishment of determination for solubility and permeability in flavonoids, and provided theoretical reference for further research on BCS in traditional Chinese medicine.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The rates of multiresistant bacteria colonization or infection (MRB+) development in intensive care units are very high. The aim of this study was to determine the possible association between the risk of development of nosocomial infections and increased daily nurse workload due to understaffing in intensive care unit. METHODS: We included 168 patients. Intensity of workload and applied procedures to patients were scored with the Project de Recherché en Nursing and the Omega scores, respectively. The criteria used for infections were those defined by the Centers for Disease Control. RESULTS: Of the 168 patients, 91 (54.2%) were female and 77 (45.8%) were male patients. The mean age of female and male was 64.9 ± 6.2 years and 63.1 ± 11.9 years, respectively. The mean duration of hospitalization in intensive care unit was 18.4 ± 6.1 days. Multiresistant bacteria were isolated from cultures of 39 (23.2%) patients. The development of MRB+ infection was correlated with length of stay, Omega 1, Omega 2, Omega 3, Total Omega, daily PRN, and Total PRN (p < 0.05). There was no correlation between development of MRB+ infection with gender, age and APACHE-II scores (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The risk of nosocomial infection development in an intensive care unit is directly correlated with increased nurse workload, applied intervention, and length of stay. Understaffing in the intensive care unit is an important health problem that especially affects care-needing patients. Nosocomial infection development has laid a heavy burden on the economy of many countries. To control nosocomial infection development in the intensive care unit, nurse workload, staffing level, and working conditions must be arranged. .
INTRODUÇÃO: As taxas de desenvolvimento de infecção ou colonização por bactérias multirresistentes (BMR+) em unidades de terapia intensiva são muito elevadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a possível associação entre o risco de desenvolvimento de infecções hospitalares e o aumento da carga de trabalho diária da equipe de enfermagem devido à insuficiência de pessoal em unidade de terapia intensiva. MÉTODOS: Cento e sessenta e oito pacientes foram incluídos. O volume da carga de trabalho e os procedimentos realizados em pacientes foram avaliados com o uso de instrumentos de medidas como o Projeto de Pesquisa em Enfermagem (Project de Recherché en Nursing) e o Omega, respectivamente. Os critérios usados para definir infecções foram os definidos pelos Centros de Controle de Doenças. RESULTADOS: Dos 168 pacientes, 91 (54,2%) eram do sexo feminino e 77 (45,8%) do sexo masculino. As médias das idades de mulheres e homens foram 64,9 ± 6,2 e 63,1 ± 11,9 anos, respectivamente. A média do tempo de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva foi de 18,4 ± 6,1 dias. As bactérias multirresistentes foram isoladas a partir de culturas de 39 (23,2%) pacientes. O desenvolvimento de infecção por BMR+ foi correlacionado com tempo de internação, Omega 1, Omega 2, Omega 3, Omega total, PPE diário e PPE total (p < 0,05). Não houve correlação entre desenvolvimento de infecção por BMR+ e gênero, idade e escores no APACHE-II (p > 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: O risco de desenvolvimento de infecção hospitalar em unidade de terapia intensiva está diretamente relacionado com o aumento da carga de trabalho de enfermagem, as intervenções praticadas e o tempo de internação. A falta de pessoal em unidade de terapia intensiva é um problema de saúde importante que afeta principalmente os pacientes que requerem cuidados. A infecção hospitalar colocou um fardo pesado sobre a economia de muitos países. Para controlar o desenvolvimento de infecção hospitalar em UTI, a carga ...
INTRODUÇÃO: as taxas de desenvolvimento de infecção ou colonização por bactérias multirresistentes [BMR (+)] em unidades de terapia intensiva são muito elevadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a possível associação entre o risco de desenvolvimento de infecções hospitalares e o aumento da carga de trabalho diária da equipe de enfermagem por causa da insuficiência de pessoal em unidade de terapia intensiva. MÉTODOS: foram incluídos 168 pacientes. O volume da carga de trabalho e os procedimentos feitos em pacientes foram avaliados com o uso de instrumentos de medidas como o Projeto de Pesquisa em Enfermagem (Project de Recherché en Nursing) e o Omega, respectivamente. Os critérios usados para definir infecções foram os estabelecidos pelos Centros de Controle de Doenças. RESULTADOS: dos 168 pacientes, 91 (54,2%) eram do sexo feminino e 77 (45,8%) do masculino. As médias das idades de mulheres e homens foram 64,9 ± 6,2 e 63,1 ± 11,9 anos, respectivamente. A média do tempo de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva foi de 18,4 ± 6,1 dias. As bactérias multirresistentes foram isoladas a partir de culturas de 39 (23,2%) pacientes. O desenvolvimento de infecção por BMR (+) foi correlacionado com tempo de internação, Omega 1, Omega 2, Omega 3, Omega total, PPE diário e PPE total (p < 0,05). Não houve correlação entre desenvolvimento de infecção por BMR (+) e gênero, idade e escores no Apache-II (p > 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: o risco de desenvolvimento de infecção hospitalar em unidade de terapia intensiva está diretamente relacionado com o aumento da carga de trabalho de enfermagem, as intervenções praticadas e o tempo de internação. A falta de pessoal em unidade de terapia intensiva é um problema de saúde importante que afeta principalmente os pacientes que requerem cuidados. A infecção hospitalar colocou um fardo pesado sobre a economia de muitos países. Para controlar o desenvolvimento de infecção hospitalar em UTI, a carga de trabalho ...
INTRODUCCIÓN: Las tasas de desarrollo de infección o colonización por bacterias multirresistentes en unidades de cuidados intensivos son muy elevadas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la posible asociación entre el riesgo de desarrollo de infecciones hospitalarias y el aumento de la carga de trabajo diaria del equipo de enfermería debido a la falta de personal en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. MÉTODOS: Ciento sesenta y ocho pacientes fueron incluidos. El volumen de la carga de trabajo y los procedimientos realizados en pacientes fueron evaluados con el uso de instrumentos de medidas como el Proyecto de Investigación en Enfermería (Project de Recherché en Nursing) y el Omega, respectivamente. Los criterios usados para definir infecciones fueron los definidos por los Centros de Control de Enfermedades. RESULTADOS: De los 168 pacientes, 91 (54,2%) eran del sexo femenino y 77 (45,8%) del sexo masculino. La edad media de las mujeres y de los hombres fueron 64,9 ± 6,2 y 63,1 ± 11,9 años, respectivamente. El tiempo medio de ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos fue de 18,4 ± 6,1 días. Las bacterias multirresistentes fueron aisladas a partir de cultivos de 39 (23,2%) pacientes. El desarrollo de infección por bacterias multirresistentes fue correlacionado con el tiempo de ingreso, Omega 1, Omega 2, Omega 3, Omega total, PPE diario y PPE total (p < 0,05). No hubo correlación entre el desarrollo de la infección por bacterias multirresistentes y el sexo, la edad y las puntuaciones en el APACHE-II (p > 0,05). CONCLUSIÓN: El riesgo de desarrollo de infección hospitalaria en una unidad de cuidados intensivos está directamente relacionado con el aumento de la carga de trabajo de enfermería, las intervenciones practicadas y el tiempo de ingreso. La falta de personal en la unidad de cuidados intensivos es un problema de sanidad importante que afecta principalmente a los pacientes que necesitan esos cuidados. La infección hospitalaria ...
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Cerebellar Nuclei/pathology , Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/pathology , Aspartic Acid/analysis , Aspartic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Brain/pathology , Case-Control Studies , Cerebellar Nuclei/chemistry , Glycerylphosphorylcholine/analysis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Neuroimaging , Phosphorylcholine/analysisABSTRACT
This study aims to investigate whether the cultivation peony, can take the place of wild herbaceous peony by comparing the biological traits and paeoniflorin content between them. The result showed that the biomass of the stem, leaf, crown, fleshy root and fine root of wild plants were all smaller than that of bud asexual cultivated plants, while there was no significant differences in below-ground and aboveground biomass ratio between these two plants. The stele diameter, the proportion of stele, and the ratio of stele diameter to cortex thickness of wild plants were significantly higher than that of bud asexual cultivated plants, while the cortex thickness and the proportion of cortex were significantly smaller than bud asexual cultivated plants. Although the biological traits of bud asexual cultivated plants have changed significantly, the paeoniflorin content in fleshy roots has no significant difference between wild and bud asexual cultivated plants. Therefore, it is feasible to use the bud asexual cultivation to the conservation and large-scale cultivation of Paeonia laciflora, which is an endangered species.
Subject(s)
Glucosides , Monoterpenes , Paeonia , ChemistryABSTRACT
A debate has appeared in the recent literature about the optimum rewarming strategy [slow vs. rapid] for the best brain function. This study was designed to compare the effect of slow versus rapid rewarming on jugular bulb oxygen saturation [SjO2] in adult patients undergoing open heart surgery. A total of 80 patients undergoing valve and adult congenital heart surgery were randomly allocated equally to rapid rewarming group 0.5 [0.136] [degree]C/min and slow rewarming group 0.219 [0.055][degree]C/min in jugular bulb sampling was taken before, during and after surgery. Surgery was done at cardiopulmonary bypass [CPB] temperature of 28-30[degree]C and rewarming was performed at the end of the surgical procedure. CPB time, rewarming period were significantly longer in the slow rewarming group. Significant difference was observed in the number of the desaturated patients [SjO[2]
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Rewarming , Jugular Veins , Oxygen , Adult , Thoracic SurgeryABSTRACT
Rheumatoid arthritis [RA] is an inflammatory disease. It largely affects synovial joints, which are lined with a specialized tissue called synovium. RA typically affects the small joints of the hands and the feet, and usually both sides equally and symmetrically, although any synovial joint can be affected. It is a systemic disease and so can affect the whole body, including the heart, lungs and eyes. There are approximately 400,000 people with RA in the UK, The incidence of the condition is low, with around 1.5 men and 3.6 women developing RA per 10,000 people per year. This translates into approximately 12,000 people developing RA per year in the UK. The overall occurrence of RA is two to four times greater in women than men. To assess total Homocystine [tHcy] metabolism and also levels of B vitamins [folate and B12] which is enters in remathelytion of Homocystine metabolism in blood of patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Forty patients with rheumatoid arthritis were studied. Their ages range from 20-80 years with a mean age of 47.2 +/- 12.9 years. Apparently healthy volunteers considered of 30 individuals who considered as control Blood samples were collected from patients and controls to assess serum concentration of homocystine were measured by [hplc], folate and B12 were measured by cobas e411, lipid profile [spectrophotometer] and different parameters. The current results revealed that serum Homocystine level was significantly higher in patients than in healthy controls [p=0.001]. More ever, there is significant negative association was found between serum Homocystine with folate and B12 also there is strong positive association between folate and B12. Elevated Hey levels in patients with RA, may explain some of the increased cardiovascular mortality seen in such patients. Studies of the prevalence and mechanism of hyperhomocysteinemia in RA are warranted simple preventive measures may reduce the risk cardio vascular disease such as dietary supplementation of adequate vitamins of folic acid and B12 from natural sources [fruits and green leafy vegetables], substitution of animal proteins by plant proteins in the diet, as animal proteins have higher methionine content than the plant proteins. This may, in part, decrease the body burden of Hey and regularize the deranged Hey metabolism in most cases
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Homocystine/blood , Hyperhomocysteinemia/classification , Folic Acid , Vitamin B 12 , Lipids/bloodABSTRACT
Hypothermia has been used as a method of brain protection in patients with traumatic brain injury for many years. The protective effects of hypothermia are related to the inhibition of the excitatory amino acids [EAA] release including glutamate. The hypothermic decline of the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen [CMRO[2]] is also another mechanism of brain protection because it maintains the aerobic metabolism of the brain. To study the effect of mild hypothermia on brain oxygenation and the release of the EAA glutamate in severe head trauma. Forty two patients [16 - 60 years old] with severe head trauma [Glasgow coma scale < 8] were classified according to the diagnosis by computed tomography into group 1 [global brain damage] [n=20] and group 2 [focal brain damage] [n=22] two cases in group 2 were died before completion of the study so they were excluded. The cerebrospinal [CSF] glutamate, the jugular venous bulb oxygen saturation, the jugular venous lactate, the Glasgow coma scale [GCS], the acute physiological and chronic health evaluation score [APACHE II] and the length of lCU stay and other hemodynamic variables were measured and recorded. Hypothermia decreased the cerebrospinal [CSF] glutamate, improved the jugular venous bulb oxygen saturation, decreased the jugular venous lactate, improved the Glasgow coma scale [GCS] and decreased the acute physiological and chronic health evaluation score [APACHE II], There were significant statistical differences [p < 0.001] in each group but there were no statistical significant differences between both groups. The length of ICU stay was shorter in the group 1 than in group 2. Mild Hypothermia is one of the mechanisms of brain protections through decreasing the level of the neurotoxic cerebrospinal excitatory amino acid glutamate and by improving the cerebral oxygenation and preventing the anaerobic metabolism by decreasing the level of serum lactate
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Glasgow Coma Scale , Hyperthermia, Induced/statistics & numerical data , Glutamic Acid/cerebrospinal fluid , Jugular Veins , Neuroprotective AgentsABSTRACT
Background: The use of TCD during paediatric cardiac surgery can help in early detection of cerebral blood flow velocity. The aim of this study was to describe the changes in cerebral blood flow velocity and to explore the relationship of such changes with different haemdynamic and cardiopulmonary bypass parameters in children undergoing open heart surgery
Methods: Sixteen patients from 1-12 years undergoing correction for congenital heart defects were included in this study. Two-channel transcranial Doppler system [Multi-Dop T[2] / DWL, Elektronische System GmbHGermany] were used for measuring mean cerebral blood flow velocity in middle cerebral artery after induction [basal], after sternotomy, during aortic cannulation, during stable CPB [10 min. after start of bypass], during rewarming, after weaning from CPB and after skin closure. Concomitant measurements of mean arterial blood pressure, arterial CO[2], haematorcrite, temperature and arterial oxygen tension were recorded with cerebral blood flow velocity. One way analysis of variance was used to study the changes in cerebral blood flow velocity and multiple regression analysis to predict different factors that can affect cerebral blood flow velocity
Results: A significant reduction in mean cerebral blood flow velocity was detected during stable CPB, during rewarming and after CPB compared with base line value. Before CPB, cerebral blood flow was directly dependent on the age and PaCO[2], while during rewarming it was only directly dependent on mean arterial blood pressure [P = 0.036]. However, an inverse association was found between PaO[2] and CBFV after CPB
Conclusion: These results suggest that cerebral blood flow velocity was reduced during hypothermic CPB, and it was only affected by mean arterial blood pressure during rewarming