Study of skin neoplasms in a university hospital: integration of anatomopathological records and its interface with the literature

Abstract: Background: Skin cancer is a highly prevalent condition with a multifactorial etiology resulting from genetic alterations, environmental and lifestyle factors. In Brazil, among all malignant tumors, skin cancers have the highest incidences. Objective: To retrospectively evaluate the incidence, prevalence and profile of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and cutaneous melanoma in Campos dos Goytacazes and region. Methods: In total, 2,207 histopathological reports of a local reference hospital were analyzed between January 2013 and December 2015, of which 306 corresponded to the neoplasms studied. Results: Of the 306 reports evaluated, 232 basal cell carcinomas (75.9%), 55 squamous cell carcinomas (18%) and 19 cutaneous melanomas (6.5%) were identified. The face was the most involved anatomical site (58.8%) and women (51%) were the most affected gender. The temporal analysis revealed a decrease in the overall incidence of 3.4% from 2013 to 2014 and 5.4% from 2014 to 2015. There was a 10.1% increase in basal cell carcinomas and 38% in melanomas in this period; however, there was a decrease in the number of squamous cell carcinomas of 14.8% during the studied years. Study limitations: Some samples of cutaneous fragments had no identification of the anatomical site of origin. Conclusion: Research that generates statistical data on cutaneous tumors produces epidemiological tools useful in the identification of risk groups and allows the adoption of more targeted and efficient future prevention measures.

Dermatite perioral granulomatosa com acometimento extrafacial na infância: boa resposta terapêutica com uso de azitromicina oral / Granulomatous perioral dermatitis with extra-facial involvement in childhood: good therapeutic response with oral azithromycin

RESUMO Objetivo: Apresentar um caso de dermatite perioral granulomatosa (DPG) com acometimento extrafacial e resposta terapêutica satisfatória ao uso de macrolídeo oral por curto período. Descrição do caso: Escolar de nove anos, sexo feminino, com quadro exuberante de DPG com acometimento extrafacial. Durante o período de evolução, submeteu-se a múltiplas terapêuticas ineficazes, apresentando melhora significativa das lesões após o uso de azitromicina por cinco dias. Comentários: A DPG é uma afecção dermatológica inflamatória representada por erupções papuloeritematosas em região perioral, nasal e periorbitária, mais comum em crianças e adolescentes. Raramente estende-se à região genital, ao tronco e às extremidades, caracterizando o comprometimento extrafacial. De etiologia ainda desconhecida, parece apresentar correlação com uso de corticosteroides tópicos e outros agentes.

ABSTRACT Objective: To present a case of granulomatous perioral dermatitis (GPD) with extra-facial involvement and good response to short-term treatment with oral macrolide. Case description: A 9-year-old girl presented with exuberant GPD with extra-facial involvement. During follow-up, she received multiple ineffective therapies, but showed significant improvement of the lesions after the use of azithromycin for five days. Comments: GPD is an inflammatory dermatological condition represented by papulo-erythematous eruptions on perioral, nasal and periorbital regions, more prevalent in children and adolescents. It rarely extends to the genital region, trunk, and extremities, which characterizes its extra-facial manifestation. Its etiology is unknown, but it seems to have a correlation with the use of topical corticosteroids and other agents.

Cutis verticis gyrata secundária à paquidermoperiostose. Relato de caso / Cutis verticis gyrata secondary to pachydermoperiostosis - case report

A cutis verticis gyrata é uma condição do couro cabeludo caracterizada por sulcos e dobras profundas, causando o espessamento da pele que lhe dá uma aparência semelhante aos giros do córtex cerebral. Pode ser congênita ou adquirida, e predomina no sexo masculino. É classificada de acordo com sua etiologia primária (essencial e não essencial) e secundária. Descrevemos aqui um caso de cutis verticis gyrata secundária à paquidermoperiostose em paciente do sexo masculino jovem, apresentando suas manifestações clínicas, laboratoriais e radiológicas. Estudo descritivo constando de relato de caso e revisão de literatura nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde. Foram obtidos artigos originais científicos nas bases LILACS, SciELO, Scopus e PubMed, buscando-se pelos descritores: "couro cabeludo", "doenças da pele e do tecido conjuntivo", "anormalidades da pele" e "dermatopatias". O limite temporal foi 2010 e as línguas escolhidas foram português, inglês, italiano, espanhol e francês. Paciente do sexo masculino, 25 anos, apresentando hipertrofias lineares em couro cabeludo, acompanhado de dor nas mãos, tornozelos e articulação coxofemoral. Presença de baqueteamento digital e hiperidrose palmoplantar. Trata-se de uma doença rara e progressiva, cuja avaliação clínica é essencial para definir a forma da cutis verticis gyrata e excluir outras síndromes associadas.

Cutis verticis gyrata (CVG) is a scalp condition characterized ridges and deep folds causing thickening of the skin, giving an appearance similar to the cerebral cortex gyri. It can be congenital or acquired, and predominates in males. It is classified according to its primary and secondary etiology (essential and non-essential). A case of Cutis verticis gyrata secondary to pachydermoperiostosis (PQP) is described in a young male patient, with its clinical, laboratory and radiological findings. This is a descriptive study consisting of a case report and review of literature on the Virtual Health Library databases (BVS). Scientific original articles were obtained in LILAC, SciELO, Scopus and PubMed databases, searching the keywords: "scalp", "skin and connective tissue diseases", "skin abnormalities" and "skin diseases" .The time limit was year 2010, and the languages chosen were Portuguese, English, Italian, Spanish and French. Male patient, 25 years old, with linear hypertrophy on the scalp, accompanied by pain in the hands, ankles and hip joint. Presence of digital clubbing, and palmoplantar hyperhidrosis. It is a rare, progressive disease whose clinical assessment is essential to define the type of cutis verticis gyrata, and to rule out other associated syndromes.

Cromomicose: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Chromomycosis: case report and literature review

A cromomicose é uma micose profunda, crônica, com acometimento da pele e do subcutâneo. O fungo é encontrado na natureza nas plantas e no solo, sendo introduzido no organismo através de traumas ou ferimentos. A localização das lesões é, principalmente, nos membros inferiores, podendo também comprometer outras regiões. Os trabalhadores rurais são mais frequentemente acometidos por falta de proteção e exposição contínua. O objetivo deste relato foi apresentar um caso de cromomicose de evolução crônica, fazendo diagnóstico diferencial com outras doenças que causam a síndrome verrucosa (leishmaniose, esporotricose e tuberculose) e realizando breve revisão da literatura. Paciente do gênero masculino, 83 anos, branco, trabalhador rural, procurou Ambulatório de Dermatologia apresentando lesão vegetante, verrucosa, de base eritematosa, com distribuição linear, localizada no membro superior direito com evolução de 9 anos. As características da lesão sugeririam como hipóteses diagnósticas doenças que causam a síndrome verrucosa LECT (iniciais de leishmaniose, esporotricose, cromomicose e tuberculose). Para confirmação diagnóstica, foi realizada biópsia da lesão e exame histopatológico, que revelou presença de células arredondadas de cor castanho escuro em processo de reprodução binária, confirmando o diagnóstico de cromomicose. O paciente foi submetido ao tratamento com itraconazol e crioterapia combinados. A cromomicose possui diagnósticos diferencias em decorrência das características clínicas da lesão,sendo fundamentais, para sua confirmação diagnóstica, exames específicos.

Chromomycosis is a deep and chronic mycosis that affects the skin and the subcutaneous tissues. The fungus is found in nature, in plants and soil, being introduced into the body through trauma or injury. Lesions occur mainly on the lower limbs, but can also involve other regions. Rural workers are more frequently affected due to lack of protection and continuous exposure. The objective of this report was to present a case of chronic chromomycosis evolution, making differential diagnosis with other diseases that cause warty syndrome (leishmaniasis, sporotrichosis and tuberculosis) and performing a brief literature review. Male patient, 83 years old, white, farm laborer, sought the Dermatology Department presenting vegetative, verrucous lesion, with erythematous base, linear distribution, located on the right upper limb, with a 9-year progression. Lesion characteristics would suggest as diagnostic hypotheses diseases that cause warty syndrome LECT (acronym in Portuguese from leishmaniasis, sporotrichosis, chromomycosis and tuberculosis). For diagnostic confirmation, a biopsy and an histopathological examination were performed and revealed the presence of round, dark brown cells in binary reproduction process, confirming the diagnosis of chromomycosis. The patient was treated with itraconazole and cryotherapy combination. Chromomycosis has differential diagnosis due to the clinical characteristics of the lesion; therefore specific tests are fundamental to confirm the diagnosis.