ABSTRACT
Medicinal plants are widely employed in both rural and urban Brazil, many in accordance with traditional practices that were developed by the native population or were brought to the country by immigrant peoples from Europe, Africa and Asia. Their use in official public health care requires however more than traditional knowledge. Recently published laws which will come into force by the end of the century, require that scientific evidence be brought to support the popular use, that possible toxicity, especially when chronic use is contemplated, be known to the medical profession and that the raw plant material and final formulation have a chemical composition that lies within limits that can be specific and checked by analysis. Clinical evidence of efficacy should be provided and wherever possible some indication of the mechanism of action and what components of the original plant contribute to this action, are desirable. At the same time, once a plant of given chemical compositon is approved for use, then its widespread production must be organized in such a way that suppy of a product of established quality meets the demand.