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1.
Cuad. Hosp. Clín ; 56(1): 69-69, 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-972742

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Describir las características epidemiológicas de la población con neumonía por Pneumocystis jiroveci (P. jiroveci), analizando factores de riesgo asociados a la enfermedad, factores predisponentes para ingreso en una unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) y factores pronóstico de mortalidad. Diseño y pacientes Estudio observacional y retrospectivo de una cohorte de pacientes ingresados consecutivamente en un hospital de España desde el 1 de enero del 2007 al 31 de diciembre del 2011 cuyo diagnóstico final fue neumonía por P. jiroveci.ÁmbitoUCI y servicio de hospitalización del Hospital del Mar, Barcelona. Resultados. Se incluyeron 36 pacientes con neumonía por P. jiroveci de los que 16 (44,4%) precisaron de ingreso en UCI. La edad media de todos los pacientes fue de 41,3±12 años, de los que 23 (63,9%) eran hombres. El 86,1% tenía antecedente de infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y el resto (el 13,9%) de alguna enfermedad inmunológica con tratamiento inmunosupresor. Los factores de riesgo asociados a mortalidad hospitalaria fueron la edad (51,8 vs. 37,3 años; p=0,002), APACHE mayor al ingreso (17 vs. 13 puntos; p=0,009), la necesidad de ventilación mecánica invasiva (27,8 vs. 11,1%; p=0,000), requerimiento de fármacos vasoactivos (25 vs. 11,1%; p=0,000), coinfección fúngica (22,2 vs. 11,1%; p=0,001), neumotórax (16,7 vs. 83,3%; p=0,000) ingreso en UCI (27,8 vs. 72,2%; p=0,000). Conclusiones. Los altos requerimientos de ventilación mecánica y de fármacos vasoactivos asociado a la coinfección fúngica y presencia de neumotórax en pacientes ingresados en la UCI continúan siendo factores de riesgo asociados a mayor mortalidad en pacientes con neumonía por P. jiroveci.


Subject(s)
Pneumocystis carinii
2.
Med. intensiva ; 38(4): 226-236, may 2014.
Article in English | LILACS, BIGG | ID: biblio-965327

ABSTRACT

"BACKGROUND: ""Zero-VAP"" is a proposal for the implementation of a simultaneous multimodal intervention in Spanish intensive care units (ICU) consisting of a bundle of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) prevention measures. METHODS/DESIGN: An initiative of the Spanish Societies of Intensive Care Medicine and of Intensive Care Nurses, the project is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Health, and participation is voluntary. In addition to guidelines for VAP prevention, the ""Zero-VAP"" Project incorporates an integral patient safety program and continuous online validation of the application of the bundle. For the latter, VAP episodes and participation indices are entered into the web-based Spanish ICU Infection Surveillance Program ""ENVIN-HELICS"" database, which provides continuous information about local, regional and national VAP incidence rates. Implementation of the guidelines aims at the reduction of VAP to less than 9 episodes per 1000 days of mechanical ventilation. A total of 35 preventive measures were initially selected. A task force of experts used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation Working Group methodology to generate a list of 7 basic ""mandatory"" recommendations (education and training in airway management, strict hand hygiene for airway management, cuff pressure control, oral hygiene with chlorhexidine, semi-recumbent positioning, promoting measures that safely avoid or reduce time on ventilator, and discouraging scheduled changes of ventilator circuits, humidifiers and endotracheal tubes) and 3 additional ""highly recommended"" measures (selective decontamination of the digestive tract, aspiration of subglottic secretions, and a short course of iv antibiotic). DISCUSSION: We present the Spanish VAP prevention guidelines and describe the methodology used for the selection and implementation of the recommendations and the organizational structure of the project. Compared to conventional guideline documents, the associated safety assurance program, the online data recording and compliance control systems, as well as the existence of a pre-defined objective are the distinct features of ""Zero VAP"""


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/prevention & control , Intensive Care Units
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