study on the aetiology of pneumonia in Cairo and Tanta university hospitals, a bacteriologic approach

One hundred and sixty [160] cases of "pneumonia" with proved clinical and radiologic evidence from the Chest Departments in Cairo and Tanta University Hospitals during the year 2007, were the subjects of a conventional bacteriologic study having in mind the empirical approach in the antibiotic therapy. They represented 4.06% of the yearly admissions. The major age incidence was 16 year with more male sex predilection. 92.5% belonged to CAP [community acquired pneumonia] and only 7.5% to HAP [hospital acquired pneumonia], VAP [ventilator associated pneumonia] being excluded. 80.6% were primary; with no antedating pathology in the patients, while 19.4% were secondary with comorbidity in such patients; out which malignancy and COPD were the main associations in older age groups and foreign body in younger ages. The causative organisms were bacteriologically identified only in 53.7% of cases. The main organism in the causation of CAP was Streptococcus pneumoniae in 51.7% of the cases, followed by Hemophylus influenzae in 15.5%, while in HAP, 2 major organisms were responsible for the disease; namely Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumonia; 33.3% for each, followed by Hemophylus influenza and Streptococcus pyogenes; 11.1% for each, but the number of cases in HAP is too small to draw valid conclusions. The organism detected, in primary pneumonia was also essentially Streptococcus pneumoniae 57.6%, while in secondary pneumonia the same organism was encountered in only 33.3% of the cases. Concerning the lobar and lobular distribution of the disease the S. pneumoniae was overwhelming in the lobar type: 84.2%, while in the lobular Bronchopneumonic type the main organisms, besides S. pneumoniae which was responsible for 22.2% of the cases, were Streptococcus pyogenes was responsible for one quarter of the cases and H. influenza which was encountered in 22.2%. Figures for other organisms are detailed in the text with their relation to other parameters of the study

Tuberculosis and HIV infection: an egyptian experience

The interval change, in the association of Tuberclosis and H.I.V. infect ion, was studied; clinically, and by radiologic, pathologic, and microbiologic parameters. An immunologic study, for HIV. serology, was also carried out in two stages: The first was a screening phase; by the HIV 1 and 2 ultra-rapid test device [Serum/Plasma] and the second was confirmatory by the Immunocomb II HIV 1 and 2 Bispot. The immunologic study was done for 22 of 121 proved total tuberculous cases. These 22 cases had a high risk for HIV infection. The risk factors included, as examples, behavioral aberrations, encountered in 18.2% and blood transfusion in 59.1% of such high risk cases. Also sexual aberrations, though not reported in the present study, in spite of meticulous inquiry, received proper attention. No HIV. Seropositivity was met with in the present study. Hence the problem is not sizeable, but multicenter studies, in Egypt, are recommended, in order to have a global view of the problem. Also periodic assessment of the problem, is needed in order not to be suddenly faced by its hazards