ABSTRACT
Background: Infectobesity' is a new term to describe obesity of infectious origin, such as infection by human adenovirus-36 [Adv36]. It appears to be a new concept, evolved over the past 20 years. Visceral obesity is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Increased carotid intima-media thickness [CIMT], a marker of early-onset atherosclerosis, has been observed in obese children and adolescents. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between visceral obesity, CIMT, and Adv36 in female Egyptian adolescents
Patients and methods: The present study included 90 women aged 12-15 years. It was conducted at the Medical Excellence Research Center of the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt, during the period between September 2016 and November 2017. Anthropometric assessment was done. Fasting blood samples were withdrawn for the measurement of Qualitative Human Adv36 antibody using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fasting plasma glucose was determined calorimetrically, by the glucose oxidase method and insulin level using the solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and lipid profile. Visceral obesity was measured by an abdominal ultrasound. CIMT for both carotid arteries were measured by high-resolution echo Doppler
Results: Girls with visceral obesity [n=26] had higher frequency of increased CIMT at left [96.2 vs. 75%], right carotid artery [84.6 vs. 73.4%] and Adv36 sero-positive antibody [69.2 vs. 56.2%] than among those without visceral obesity [n=64]. Among the total samples, visceral obesity had significant positive correlations with BMI, waist and hip circumference, while it had insignificant correlations with age, blood pressure [BP], CIMT at right and left carotid arteries, adenovirus and laboratory findings. CIMT had a significant positive correlation with each other, insulin resistance and total cholesterol, and significant negative correlations with high-density lipoprotein and waist circumference. Adv36 had significant negative correlations with BP [both systolic and diastolic] and significant positive correlation with insulin level. Adv36 and CIMT had insignificant correlations with each other and with the anthropometric measurements, BP, visceral obesity, triglycerides, and low density lipoprotein
Conclusion: The frequency of Adv36 and increased CIMT at left carotid artery were higher among girls with visceral obesity than among those without visceral obesity. However, visceral obesity, CIMT at both right and left carotid arteries, and Adv36 had insignificant correlations with each other
ABSTRACT
Doxorubicin [Dox] is an effective broadly used anti-tumor drug. However, its therapeutic success is limited due to the development of acute and chronic cardiotoxicity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of trimetazidine [TMZ] on Dox-induced acute cardiotoxicity in mice using biochemical and electron microscopic approaches. Thirty male mice weighing 30 gm +/- 5gm were used. They were equally divided into 3 groups. Group I represented the control group. Animals of group II, were intraperitoneally [IP] injected with a single dose of Dox [15mg/kg]. In group III, the mice were IP injected with TMZ [2.5mg/kg/d] for 5 days before single injection of the same dose of Dox. Thirty hours after Dox injection, animals were anaesthetized. Blood samples were obtained and serum was separated for measurement of cardiotoxicity indices [creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme [CK-MB], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST]]. Hearts were dissected and each was divided into two halves, one half was used for measurement of myocardial oxidative stress [thiobarbituric acid reactive substance [TBARs], nitrate /nitrite [NOx]] and myocardial antioxidant activity [glutathione [GSH]] level. The other half was processed for electron microscopic study [EM]. In group II, there were significant increase in CK-MB, LDH, AST, TBARs and NOx and a significant decrease in GSH. Electron microscopic examination revealed severe toxic effect on the cardiac muscle in the form of myofibrillar lysis, cytoplasmic vacuoles, oedema, dilatation of sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial damage, increased number of 2ry lysosomes, widening of the junctions forming the intercalated discs and mononuclear cellular infiltrate between the disorganized cardiac myocytes, whereas group III revealed marked improvement in all biochemical parameters and EM study revealed almost a similar myocardial histological profile to the control group. In conclusion, TMZ ameliorates Dox-induced acute cardiotoxicity in mice by reduction of myocardial oxidative stress and preservation of endogenous antioxidant activity