ABSTRACT
RESUMO A família Annonaceae possui representantes de grande interesse medicinal e o gênero Xylopia é um dos que merecem destaque. Composta por aproximadamente 160 espécies distribuídas na América do Sul, América central, África e Ásia, as espécies desse gênero podem ser arbustivas ou arbóreas. No Brasil são encontradas nas regiões Norte, Nordeste, Centro-Oeste e Centro Sul. Este gênero produz uma variedade de metabólitos incluindo alcalóides, amidas, lignóides, acetogeninas e terpenóides e têm sido investigados como fonte potencial de acetogeninas, compostos esses que apresentam uma ampla variedade de propriedades biológicas com destaque para: citotóxica, antitumoral, antiparasitária, antimicrobial, inseticida e antimalarial. Neste estudo, efetuou-se uma revisão das principais espécies de Xylopiaencontradas no Brasil, já estudadas e descritas na literatura, abordando os aspectos químico-farmacológicos, destacando os constituintes químicos isolados bem como a ação farmacológica evidenciada.
ABSTRACT The family Annonaceae has representatives of great medical interest, and the Xylopia species deserves attention. The Xylopia genus is composed by approximately 160 species, with geographic distribution in tropical and subtropical regions of America, Africa and Asia. This genus can present shrubs or trees. In Brazil, they can be found at the North, North-west, Central-West and Central-South Regions. The phytochemical investigations resulted mainly in the isolation of alkaloids, diterpenos, quinolines and acetogenins, with the latter presenting very interesting biological properties such as the cytotoxic, antiprotozoal and the insecticide activities.This study aimed to review the botanical, chemical and pharmacological aspects of the Xylopia genus found in Brazil, highlighting the chemical components, as the well-known pharmacological effect .
Subject(s)
Chemistry , Xylopia/metabolism , Medicine, Traditional/instrumentationABSTRACT
A camomila é uma planta herbácea, anual e aromática com várias propriedades medicinais. No Brasil, vem sendo cultivada em área representativa na região Sul devido, principalmente, às exigências climáticas da espécie, e por ter sido introduzida por imigrantes europeus nesta região. A colheita da camomila é realizada em várias colheitas, contudo, a idade adequada da planta para o início desta atividade, objetivado a maior produção de capítulos florais, bem como o rendimento e qualidade de óleos essenciais, ainda não foi determinada para a espécie. Neste trabalho, investigou-se o efeito de diferentes épocas de colheita no desenvolvimento de capítulos florais e no acúmulo e qualidade do óleo essencial da camomila. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Piraquara (PR). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos (85, 92, 99, 106 e 113 dias após a emergência das plântulas) e cinco repetições. Após cada colheita, avaliou-se o acúmulo de massa seca de capítulos, rendimento, produção e composição do óleo essencial. A extração de óleo foi realizada por hidrodestilação e as amostras analisadas por cromatografia gasosa. Concluiu-se que aos 85 dias após a emergência (DAE) os capítulos apresentaram maior rendimento de óleo. Porém, após três semanas ocorreu a maior produção de massa de capítulos, resultando em maiores médias de produtividade de óleo essencial. A partir de 113 DAE houve redução do rendimento de óleo essencial e no teor de alguns constituintes.
Chamomile is an aromatic herb with many medicinal properties. In Brazil, it is cultivated on an extensive area in the Southern region mainly because of its climatic conditions for this culture. Chamomile harvesting is done by several cuttings of the entire plant, but the ideal starting point of this activity to obtain high production of flower heads has not been determined. This work investigated the effect of the harvesting period of chamomile on flower head development and essential oil accumulation. The experiment was carried out at field conditions in Piraquara, Paraná, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments (85, 92, 99, 106 and 113 days after emergency) and five replications. After each harvest, dry mass accumulation and essential oil yield and quality were evaluated. Essential oil extraction was performed by hydrodistillation, and the sample was analyzed by gas chromatography. When harvested 85 days after emergency, the flower heads presented the highest essential oil content, but three weeks later the highest flower head dry mass was obtained, which resulted on great essential oil productivity. From 113 days after emergency, there is a reduction in essential oil yield and production.
Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/analysis , Chamomile/growth & development , Crops, Agricultural/classification , Chamomile/metabolism , Plant BreedingABSTRACT
A study was carried out to evaluate the presence of serological markers for the immunodiagnosis of the vertical transmission of toxoplasmosis. We tested the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values (positive and negative) of different serological methods for the early diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. In a prospective longitudinal study, 50 infants with suspected congenital toxoplasmosis were followed up in the ambulatory care centre of Congenital Infections at University Hospital in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, from 1 January 2004-30 September 2005. Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA), Enzyme-Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA) and Immune-Fluorescent Antibody Technique (IFAT) were used to detect specific IgM anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and a capture ELISA was used to detect specific IgA antibodies. The results showed that 28/50 infants were infected. During the neonatal period, IgM was detected in 39.3 percent (11/28) of those infected infants and IgA was detected in 21.4 percent (6/28). The sensitivity, specificity and predictive values (positive and negative) of each assay were, respectively: MEIA and ELFA: 60.9 percent, 100 percent, 100 percent, 55.0 percent; IFAT: 59.6 percent, 91.7 percent, 93.3 percent, 53.7 percent; IgA capture ELISA: 57.1 percent, 100 percent, 100 percent, 51.2 percent. The presence of specific IgM and IgA antibodies during the neonatal period was not frequent, although it was correlated with the most severe cases of congenital transmission. The results indicate that the absence of congenital disease markers (IgM and IgA) in newborns, even after confirming the absence with several techniques, does not constitute an exclusion criterion for toxoplasmosis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Immunoassay/methods , Immunoglobulin A/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/diagnosis , Longitudinal Studies , Prospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/immunologyABSTRACT
Microdeletions in Yq are associated with defects in spermatogenesis, while those in the AZF region are considered critical for germ cell development. We examined microdeletions in the Y chromosomes of patients attended at the Laboratory of Human Reproduction of the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Goiás as part of a screening of patients who plan to undergo assisted reproduction. Analysis was made of the AZF region of the Y chromosome in men who had altered spermograms to detect possible microdeletions in Yq. Twenty-three patients with azoospermia and 40 with severe oligozoospermia were analyzed by PCR for the detection of six sequence-tagged sites: sY84 and sY86 for AZFa, sY127 and sY134 for AZFb, and sY254 and sY255 for AZFc. Microdeletions were detected in 28 patients, including 10 azoospermics and 18 severe oligozoospermics. The patients with azoospermia had 43.4% of their microdeletions in the AZFa region, 8.6% in the AZFb region and 17.4% in the AZFc region. In the severe oligozoospermics, 40% were in the AZFa region, 5% in the AZFb region and 5% in the AZFc region. We conclude that microdeletions can be the cause of idiopathic male infertility, supporting conclusions from previous studies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Chromosomes, Human, Y/ultrastructure , Chromosome Deletion , Gene Deletion , Infertility, Male/genetics , Azoospermia/genetics , Brazil , Germ Cells/metabolism , Spermatogenesis , Fertility , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Com o objetivo de determinar o estado nutricional das crianças de 0 a 6 anos do Jardim Uniäo da Vitória, Zona Sul de Londrina, analisou-se uma amostra de 241 crianças entre 0 a 6 anos de idade atendidas na Unidade Básica de Saúde Orlando Cestari, localizada no Jardim Uniäo da Vitória. Os dados antropométricos (peso e altura) e outros obtidos através de um questionário contendo informaçöes sobre o nível de escolaridade, renda familiar, realizaçäo de pré-natal pelas mäes, uso de drogas e tabaco na gravidez, baixo peso ao nascer, ocorrência de hospitalizaçäo por infecçäo nos últimos 12 meses, foram analisados estatisticamente pelo Teste do Qui- quadrado ou Teste Exato de Fisher. Os resultos obtidos demonstraram que 33 por cento das crianças apresentam desnutriçäo. Os fatores associados na determinaçäo da desnutriçäo da populaçäo estudada foram o baixo peso ao nascer em menores de 12 meses e maior número de hospitalizaçöes por infecçäo