ABSTRACT
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis is considered one of the most common, and particularly attacks the joint causing significant individual and community burden, and present with articular as well as extra articular manifestation. Treatment modalities of rheumatoid arthritis have dramatically improved in recent years, significantly decreasing long-term auricular and extra-auricular complications
Aim of the work: this review was aimed to study the pathophysiology, clinical picture, and management of rheumatoid arthritis, with focus on the newer modalities.
Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 1985, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: rheumatoid arthritis, chronic inflammatory disorders, genetic of rheumatoid arthritis, management of rheumatoid arthritis, DMARD, biological agents
Conclusion: The newer modality of treatment must include disease-modifying antirheumatic drug [DMARDs] which must be started as early as possible. Combining DMARDs with corticosteroids will result in significantly better outcomes than monotherapy with any DMARD, and decrease long term morbidity associated with this condition
ABSTRACT
Background: DKA is the leading cause of mortality among pediatric age and young adults with T1D, responsible for almost 50% of all fatalities in diabetic patients younger than 24 years of age. Goals of DKA management include optimization of volume status, hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis, electrolyte abnormalities, and potential precipitating factors
Methodology: we conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 1987, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: ketoacidosis, management of diabetic ketoacidosis, type I diabetic patients' emergency complication, fluid replacement in DKA, insulin therapy approach
Aim: in this review, we aim at evaluating the various ways of approaching patients who suffer from type-one diabetes during ketoacidosis and keto-acidotic coma. We will try to understand the triggers and pathophysiology behind this condition, and explore ways to prevent them
Conclusion: prompt diagnoses, aggressive treatment, and education of patient and their care providers about prevention strategies must be implemented. Also, more studies are required in the area of preventing health complications due to these types of diseases to effectively manage DKA in the future