ABSTRACT
Several genes of Helicobacter pylori, such as vacA, cagA, iceA and babA, have been reported to significantly increase the risk of gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of this study was to study the relationship between H. pylori virulence factors and clinical outcomes and identify the independent markers of peptic ulcer disease in Iraq. DNA was extracted from specimens taken from 154 unselected H. Pylori positive Iraqi patients. Genotyping was performed by the polymerase chain reaction [PCR] using specific primers for cagA, vacA [s, m], iceA and babA2 genes. A total of 56 [82%] peptic ulcer disease [PUD] patients carried cagA+ strains, significantly more than the 56 [65%] non-ulcer disease [NUD] patients [p = 0.017]. The difference in the prevalence ofbabA2 positivity was significant between patients with NUD [33.7%] and PUD [58.8%] [p = 0.002]. In addition, babA2 was associated as an independent factor, with PUD [p = 0.005; odds ratio [OR] = 0.4; confidence interval [CI] = 0.18-0.68] followed by cagA [p = 0.05; OR = 0.4; CI = 0.18-0.85]. Forty-five isolates [29%] were typed as 'triple positive' strains, and their presence was significantly associated with PUD [p = 0.001]. The cagA and babA2 genotypes might be considered as useful markers for PUD patients. However, iceAl and iceA2 seem not to be good markers for the disease. The presence of H. pylori strains with triple-positive status is of high clinical relevance to H. pylori-associated diseases