ABSTRACT
Background: Cancer immunotherapy is a promising strategy for cancer treatment. In this strategy, the immune system is triggered to destroy cancer cells. IL-2 is an important factor in passive cancer immunotherapy that helps modulating some important immune functions. One of the IL-2 limitations is low serum half-life; therefore, repetitive high doses of the injections are required to maintain effective concentrations. High-dose IL-2 therapy results in severe side effects; thus, improvement of its serum half-life would provide therapeutic benefits
Methods: We have investigated a strategy that is able to utilize an albumin-binding domain [ABD] from streptococcal protein G. In this strategy, the fusion protein ABD-rIL-2 binds to serum albumin, which results in improvement of the IL-2 serum half-life. PET26b+ plasmid was used as an expression vector, which encoded rIL-2 and ABD-rIL-2 both fused to pelB secretion signal under the control of the strong bacteriophage T7 promoter. The constructs were expressed in E. coli Rosetta [DE3] and secreted into the periplasm
Results: The analysis of in vitro bioactivity proved that the fusion of ABD to rIL-2 does not interfere with its bioactivity. ABD-rIL-2 fusion protein indicated higher serum half-life compared to rIL-2, when it was tested in the BALB/c mice
Conclusion: The current study provides an alternative strategy to extend the half-life and improve pharmacokinetic properties of rIL-2 without reducing its bioactivity in vitro
ABSTRACT
Background: Injury to posterior cruciate ligament [PCL] compared to the anterior cruciate ligament is not common. The damage has been reported that 3 to 20%. The goal of treatment is to prevent degenerative changes and improvement of patients function. The ideal treatment for posterior cruciate ligament [PCL] injuries is controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of the reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament two ways with full arthroscopic and arthroscopic with arthroscopic with minimal invasive open
Methods: In this descriptive analytical study, 36 patients with grade 3 ligament injuries candidates to reconstruction were studied. They were in two groups of 18 subjects matched for age and types of injury were selected. The clinical, functional improvement and treatment failure were evaluated
Results: 18 patients underwent arthroscopic reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament with mean aged 42.9 +/- 7.7 compared with 18 patients with mean aged 38.2 +/- 8.2 in group with arthroscopic with minimal invasive open. Tegner scores and Lyshom score performance between the two groups were not statistically significant. Infection and knee motion limitation were not observed in the two groups. Positive posterior drawer test[PDT] was in All arthroscopic procedures in 1 [6/5%]patients and in arthroscopic with minimal invasive open were in 2[11.1%]. The mean posterior tibial displacement in both groups after the reconstruction of 4 millimeters and there was no statistically difference. Severity of pain after arthroscopic technique with miniapproach was significantly higher
Conclusion: Arthroscopy and arthroscopic technique with mini-approach reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament is favorable clinical outcomes in both methods. It seems to arthroscopic technique with minimal open approach to posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was to be little benefit to patients. Selection of operation approach was related to our equipment
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Various studies have proven the effect of closure technique on the repair outcome. But there are few studies to investigate the functional and cosmetic outcomes related to different closure techniques. As regards to method of wound and ruptures closure has effects on healing process and choosing the best technique by physician has the priority, the aim of this study is to compare three different suture techniques
Materials and Methods: In this study, sixty patients with anterior cruciate ligament rupture were studied. After subcutaneous tissue closure, skin incision was sutured by three different methods includings: Simple technique, vertical mattress or semisubcuticular suture techniques. To evaluate the cosmetic outcomes visual analogue scale was used. During the study wounds were observed for inflammation, infection or discharges
Results: In semisubcuticular method there was kr167 with p<0.001 between second and third observer, k=0.35 [p-A.001] between first and second observer and kA.22 [p4].001] between first and third observer. In simple technique group the result of second and third observer there was k=0.61 [p=0.01] and kappa results of first and second observer and first and third observer of 0.19 and 0.17 [p-A.002] respectively. The maximum calculated kappa for vertical mattress technique was k=0.54 [p<0.001] between second and third observer. All sutures were free of infection and dehiscence
Conclusion: It seems that semisubcuticular technique has better cosmetic results to other two techniques. So, using this closure technique may increase the patients' satisfaction from operation
ABSTRACT
To compare ender nails and unreamed interlocking nails in a randomized clinical trial study. From March 2001 to March 2003, 131 patients with tibial fractures of the central two thirds of the tibia were admitted to the emergency ward of Shohada Hospital, Tabriz, Iran and were randomized to either an ender tibial nail or an undreamed interlocking tibial nail as their primary treatment. Age, gender, types of fracture, and surgical outcomes were recorded at the time of surgery, during hospital stay, and during the course of 9 months follow-up. Sixty-seven patients underwent surgery with interlocking nails and 64 with ender nails. No statistically significant difference was found between the 2 groups concerning mal-union, delayed union, and device failure. Durations of hospital stay, and time needed to achieve union was significantly higher in the unreamed interlocking group. Non-union and infection rate were higher in the ender group [p<0.05]. The results of our study support those of other studies that indicate the choice between the 2 methods of unreamed nailing is mainly controversial, depending on the priorities of the patient and surgeon
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Bone Nails , Tibial Fractures/surgeryABSTRACT
To determine the effect of zinc supplementation on callus formation, serum zinc and alkaline phosphatase activity in humans. This randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients with traumatic bone fracture referred to Shohada Hospital of Tabriz, Iran from August to December 2007. Subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups: cases [n=30], receiving one capsule of zinc sulfate consists of 50 mg zinc each day and the controls [n=30], receiving placebo for 60 days. Individual and clinical information was determined by a questionnaire: nutritional intake by 3 days food records at the beginning and the end of trial. Serum zinc and alkaline phosphatase was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy, and by enzymatic method. Callus formation during fracture healing was evaluated by radiography of the bone. There was no significant difference in physical activity, gender, age, type of fractures, and nutrient intake, between the 2 groups. The administration of zinc caused a significant elevation of serum zinc and alkaline phosphatase activity. Assessment of bone x- rays showed a significant progress in callus formation in cases compared to the controls. This study shows that zinc supplementation can stimulate fracture healing, however, it needs further study