Populações-chave ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana nos estudos da enfermagem: revisão integrativa / Key populations for human immunodeficiency virus in nursing studies: an integrative review / Poblaciones clave para el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en estudios de enfermería: una revisión integrativa

Objetivo: evidenciar as populações-chave ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana abordadas em estudos científicos de enfermagem. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bibliotecas National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Scientific Electronic Library Online e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde; nas bases de dados Embase, Cummulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Web of Science e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde. Resultados: identificados 1.059 artigos, dos quais 18 foram incluídos. Os achados foram agrupados conforme as dimensões da vulnerabilidade (individual, social e programática). Conclusão: o papel da enfermagem diante das dimensões individuais, sociais e programáticas da vulnerabilidade, foi importante para identificar as especificidades dessas populações e para a compreensão dos aspectos que tornam estes indivíduos vulnerabilizados ao HIV/aids. Verifica-se a intervenção direta da enfermagem por meio de ações de promoção e prevenção de modo a contribuir para as boas práticas de cuidado.

Objective: to highlight the key populations for the human immunodeficiency virus addressed in scientific nursing studies. Methods: integrative literature review carried out in the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Scientific Electronic Library Online and Virtual Health Library; in the databases Embase, Cummulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Web of Science and Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde. Results: 1,059 articles were identified, of which 18 were included. The findings were grouped according to the dimensions of vulnerability (individual, social and programmatic). Conclusion: the role of nursing in the face of the individual, social and programmatic dimensions of vulnerability was important to identify the specificities of these populations and to understand the aspects that make these individuals vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. There is direct nursing intervention through promotion and prevention actions in order to contribute to good care practices.

Objetivos:resaltar las poblaciones clave para el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana abordadas en estudios científicos de enfermería. Método: revisión integrativa de la literatura realizada en la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina, Institutos Nacionales de Salud, Biblioteca Científica Electrónica en Línea y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud; en las bases de datos Embase, Cummulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Web of Science y Literatura Latino-Americana e del Caribe em Ciências da Saúde. Resultados: se identificaron 1.059 artículos, de los cuales 18 fueron incluidos. Los hallazgos se agruparon según las dimensiones de vulnerabilidad (individual, social y programática). Conclusión: el papel de la enfermería frente a las dimensiones individual, social y programática de la vulnerabilidad fue importante para identificar las especificidades de estas poblaciones y comprender los aspectos que tornan a esos individuos vulnerables al VIH/SIDA. Existe intervención directa de enfermería a través de acciones de promoción y prevención para contribuir a las buenas prácticas de cuidado.

Hematologic malignancies of primary bone marrow involvement: a decade's experience in Bahrain

ABSTRACT Introduction: The data on the pattern of primary hematologic malignancies in Bahrain is sparse, although previously published studies suggested rising trends in their incidence. This study aimed to compare with regional and world data and identify any changing trends. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional chart analysis study was done on all cases of primary hematologic malignancies of bone marrow origin of Bahraini nationals presenting during the 10-year period from January 2005 to December 2014 at the sole oncology referral center in Bahrain during the study period. Results: In a total of 272 cases, the primary hematologic malignancies in decreasing order of frequency with respective median ages at diagnosis were: acute myeloid leukemia (AML; 26.1%, 39 years), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL; 22.8%, 9 years), multiple myeloma (MM, 16.2%, 57 years), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML, 14%, 39.5 years), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS; 12.5%, 56 years) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL; 5.5%, 65 years). The overall crude annual incidence rate of these malignancies was 4.8/105 population. Age-specific incidence rates were found to increase dramatically with age, except for ALL, for which it peaked in the pediatric age group. The age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) per 105 per year were 1.47 (AML), 1.13 (MM), 0.93 (ALL), 0.85 (MDS), 0.81 (CML) and 0.44 (CLL). Conclusion: The pattern of primary hematologic malignancies in Bahrain shows unique features that distinguish it from trends reported in Eastern and Western world populations.

Ensino sobre Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis Incuráveis para Estudantes de Graduação em Enfermagem: Protocolo de revisão de escopo / Enseñanza sobre infecciones de transmisión sexual incurables para estudiantes de grado en enfermería: Protocolo de revisión del alcance / Teaching about Incurable Sexually-Transmitted Infections to Undergraduate Nursing Students: Scoping Review Protocol

Introdução: O enfermeiro possui um papel fundamental na prevenção de Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis incuráveis; porém, para que sua atuação seja efetiva, faz-se necessária uma educação de qualidade com infraestrutura adequada. Objetivo: Mapear estudos no âmbito mundial que abordem o ensino das Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis Incuráveis para estudantes de graduação em enfermagem. Metodologia: Protocolo de revisão do escopo de acordo com a metodologia do Joanna Briggs Institute. A estratégia de busca será aplicada nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Web of Science e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde; assim como bases de dados de literatura cinzenta (e.g., Research Gate, OpenGrey). Serão considerados estudos que abordem o ensino das Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis Incuráveis voltados para estudantes de graduação em enfermagem no mundo. Serão considerados estudos de acesso público disponibilizados de 1981 até 2020. Dois revisores independentes farão a triagem dos artigos de acordo com os critérios de inclusão pré-definidos, extrairão e farão a análise de dados. A apresentação dos dados será por meio de figura e quadros conforme o Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Resultados: Os resultados provenientes deste estudo possibilitarão o conhecimento amplo sobre a educação dos estudantes de enfermagem relacionada com as infecções sexualmente transmissíveis incuráveis, assim como com as metodologias utilizadas e efetividade das mesmas. Conclusão: Este estudo pode contribuir para melhoria de metodologias, infraestrutura e currículos de ensino sobre infecções sexualmente transmissíveis incuráveis para estudantes de enfermagem.

Introducción: Las personas profesionales en enfermería tienen un rol fundamental en la prevención de las infecciones de transmisión sexual incurables; sin embargo, para que su desempeño sea efectivo es necesaria una educación de calidad con infraestructura adecuada. Objetivo: Mapear estudios a nivel mundial que aborden la enseñanza de las infecciones de transmisión sexual incurables para estudiantes de graduación en enfermería. Metodología: Protocolo de revisión de alcance según la metodología del Instituto Joanna Briggs. La estrategia de búsqueda se aplicará a las bases de datos Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Web of Science y Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud, así como bases de datos de literatura gris (p. ej., Research Gate, OpenGrey). Se considerán estudios que aborden la enseñanza de las infecciones de transmisión sexual incurables dirigida a estudiantes de graduación en enfermería de todo el mundo. Así como, los estudios de acceso público disponibles desde 1981 hasta 2020. Dos revisores independientes examinarán los artículos, de acuerdo con los criterios de elegibilidad predefinidos, extraerán y analizarán los datos. La presentación de los datos será a través de una figura y tablas de acuerdo al Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Resultados: Los resultados de este estudio permitirán un amplio conocimiento sobre la enseñanza de las infecciones de transmisión sexual incurables a estudiantes de enfermería, así como sobre las metodologías utilizadas y su efectividad. Conclusión: Este estudio puede contribuir para la mejora de las metodologías, la infraestructura y los currículos de enseñanza de las infecciones de transmisión sexual incurables para estudiantes de enfermería.

Introduction: Nurses have a fundamental role in the prevention of incurable sexually-transmitted infections; however, for their performance to be effective, quality education with adequate infrastructure is required. Objective: To map out the worldwide studies that address the teaching of incurable sexually-transmitted infections to undergraduate nursing students. Methodology: Scoping review protocol according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. The search strategy will be applied to the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Web of Science and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences databases, as well as to the gray literature databases (e.g., Research Gate, OpenGrey). This document will address those studies addressing the teaching of incurable sexually-transmitted infections aimed at undergraduate nursing students around the world; it will also consider the public access studies from 1981 to 2020 available. Two independent reviewers will screen the articles according to pre-defined inclusion criteria; they will also extract and analyze the data. The presentation of data will be through figures and tables according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Results: The results from this study will grant broad knowledge about the teaching of incurable sexually-transmitted infections to nursing students, as well as the methodologies used and their effectiveness. Conclusion: This study can contribute to the improvement of methodologies, infrastructure, and teaching curricula of incurable sexually-transmitted infections to nursing students.

Urrets-Zavalia Syndrome after Penetrating Keratoplasty: A Case Report

Urrets-Zavalia syndrome is a dreaded complication of anterior segment surgery and the most common in patients undergoing corneal transplantation. Avoiding the prescription of mydriatic eye drops during the postoperative period is the mainstay of its therapy, which focuses on prevention. One month after having keratoplasty in the left eye, a 42-year-old man presented with Urrets-Zavalia syndrome and ocular hypertonia at 35 mmgh. Medical and surgical management were required in this situation.The purpose of our presentation is to describe a real-world instance of Urrets-Zavalia syndrome.

Corneal Abscess on Mini-scleral Contact Lens: Clinical Case

Mini-scleral lens’ are large diameter rigid lenses that are used to rehabilitate vision when the corneal shape is distorted from disease, scarring or after a corneal graft procedure, however, there are relatively few reports regarding their potential complications, in this case we describe the case of a corneal abscess in a mini-scleral lens wearer with keratoconus in order to determine whether this type of contact lens presents an increased risk of infection.

Influencing factors of anxiety and depression in patients with secondary lower extremity deep venous thrombosis after radical cervical cancer surgery / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of anxiety and depression in patients with secondary lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (LEDVT) after radical cervical cancer surgery.Methods:Retrospective analysis method was used, a total of 92 patients with anxiety and/or depression secondary to LEDVT after radical cervical cancer surgery admitted to the People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from June 2019 to June 2022 were included as the observation group, according to the presence of anxiety or depression, they were divided into anxiety group (65 cases) and depression group (58 cases) (some patients had both anxiety and depression). Another 90 patients who did not have anxiety or depression after radical cervical cancer surgery with secondary LEDVT were selected as the control group in the same period. The questionnaires of clinical data and disease cognition were designed to investigate the clinical data and disease cognition of patients, social support rating scale (SSRS) was used to assess the level of social support of patients, and univariate analysis was performed to identify the influencing factors of depression and anxiety in patients with secondary LEDVT after radical cervical cancer surgery.Results:The percentage of patients with self-pay, no children, unemployed or jobless, monthly family income <5 000 CNY, less social support, and disease awareness <80 scores in the anxiety group and depression group (36.92%, 67.69%, 69.23%, 66.15%, 46.15%, 70.77% and 34.48%, 68.97%, 72.41%, 65.52%, 44.83%, 68.97%) were higher than the control group (14.44%, 40.00%, 33.33%, 32.22%, 11.11%, 23.33%) (all P<0.01). The percentage of mixed thrombus, central thrombus, peripheral thrombus, bilateral thrombus, right thrombus, and left thrombus in the anxiety group and depression group (30.77%, 20.00%, 49.23%, 16.92%, 35.38%, 47.69% and 32.76%, 15.52%, 51.72%, 12.07%, 37.93%, 50.00%) were not significantly different from those in the control group (32.22%, 17.78%, 50.00%, 10.00%, 36.67%, 53.33%) (all P>0.05). Univariate analysis showed that self-pay, unemployed or jobless, no children, monthly family income <5 000 CNY, less social support, and disease awareness <80 scores were correlated with depression and anxiety status in patients with secondary LEDVT after radical cervical cancer surgery (all P<0.01). Conclusion:Depression and anxiety in patients with secondary LEDVT after radical cervical cancer surgery are related to self-pay, unemployed or jobless, no children, low monthly family income, less social support, and low disease awareness.

Evaluation of 18F-FDG PET/CT myocardial metabolism image quality / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To evaluate the value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography ( 18F-FDG PET/CT) myocardial metabolic image quality by the ratio of the maximum standard uptake value (M/B) of left ventricular myocardium to cardiac blood pool. Methods:The clinical data of 145 non diabetes patients with coronary heart disease who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2016 to August 2022 were retrospectively selected. All patients received intravenous injection of 18F-FDG for myocardial glucose metabolism imaging. According to the visual (qualitative) analysis, the image was divided into three categories: the best, the second best and the worst. Group A was the best image quality group, while Group B was the second best and the worst image quality group. The left ventricular myocardium, cardiac blood pool and descending aorta were semi-quantitatively analyzed, and M/B was calculated. Results:All 145 patients underwent image fusion analysis. Image visual (qualitative) analysis showed that the myocardial metabolic image quality of 111 patients was evaluated as the best (111 patients in Group A), 19 patients as the second best, and 15 patients as the worst (34 patients in Group B). The SUVmax value of the descending aorta in the two groups was lower than that of the left ventricle, with statistically significant difference (all P<0.05). The M/B value of group A was higher than that of group B, with statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). Conclusions:For the evaluation of image quality and the reliability of image interpretation, M/B value may be a good evaluation index, which reduces the interference of image quality evaluation due to high 18F-FDG uptake in some heart blood pools (background), and improves the accuracy of evaluation of myocardial viability.

A standardized method to study immune responses using porcine whole blood

Background@#Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are commonly used to assess in vitro immune responses. However, PBMC isolation is a time-consuming procedure, introduces technical variability, and requires a relatively large volume of blood. By contrast, whole blood assay (WBA) is faster, cheaper, maintains more physiological conditions, and requires less sample volume, laboratory training, and equipment. @*Objectives@#Herein, this study aimed to develop a porcine WBA for in vitro evaluation of immune responses. @*Methods@#Heparinized whole blood (WB) was diluted (non-diluted, 1/2, 1/8, and 1/16) in RPMI-1640 media, followed by phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin. After 24 h, cells were stained for interferon (IFN)-γ secreting T-cells followed by flow cytometry, and the supernatant was analyzed for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. In addition, diluted WB was stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), reference strain KCTC3557 (RS), field isolate (FI), of heat-killed (HK) Streptococcus suis, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). @*Results@#The frequency of IFN-γ + CD3 + T-cells and concentration of TNF-α in the supernatant of WB increased with increasing dilution factor and were optimal at 1/8. WB TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-10 cytokine levels increased significantly following stimulation with LPS or poly I:C. Further, FI and RS induced IL-10 production in WB. Additionally, PRRSV strains increased the frequency of IFN-γ + CD4 - CD8 + cells, and IFN-γ was non-significantly induced in the supernatant of re-stimulated samples. @*Conclusions@#We propose that the WBA is a rapid, reliable, and simple method to evaluate immune responses and WB should be diluted to trigger immune cells.

Effect of novel pre-sintered zirconia surface treatment on shear bond strength between zirconia and veneering porcelain compared to conventional surface treatments: an in-vitro study / Efeito de um novo tratamento de superfície de zircônia pré-sinterizada na resistência ao cisalhamento entre zircônia e porcelana em comparação com os tratamentos de superfície convencionais: estudo in vitro

Objective: to evaluate the effect of novel zirconia surface treatment method on shear bond strength between zirconia and veneering porcelain compared to air abrasion and CoJet surface treatment methods. Material and Methods: twenty-one zirconia ceramic discs were fabricated with diameter of 7mm and 3mm thickness and divided according to surface treatment into three subgroups, control group I: Air Abrasion (n=7), group II: CoJet (n=7) and group III: Z-etch (n=7). Porcelain was built over the zirconia specimens with a customized mold and fired in a ceramic furnace. All specimens were thermocycled (20000 cycles) between 5°C ­ 55 °C with a dwell time of 30 seconds in distilled water and shear bond strength of veneering porcelain to each zirconia specimen was tested using a universal testing machine. Results: numerical data were explored for normality by checking the distribution of data and using tests of normality (Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests). One-way ANOVA test was used to compare between the groups. There was a statistically significant difference between the three groups (P-value = 0.002, Effect size = 0.503). Pair-wise comparisons between groups revealed that Z-etch showed the statistically significantly highest mean shear bond strength. Conclusion: zirconia coating using z-etch is showing promising results in promoting higher bond strength than conventional surface treatment methods as air abrasion and silica coating (AU)

Objetivo: avaliar o efeito do novo método de tratamento de superfície de zircônia na resistência ao cisalhamento entre a zircônia e a porcelana de cobertura em comparação com os métodos de abrasão a ar e jateamento com CoJet. Material e Métodos: vinte e um discos de zircônia foram confeccionados com diâmetro de 7mm e espessura de 3mm e divididos de acordo com o tratamento de superfície em três subgrupos, grupo controle I: Abrasão a ar (n=7), grupo II: CoJet (n=7) e grupo III: Z-etch (n=7). A porcelana foi aplicada sobre os espécimes de zircônia com um molde personalizado e sinterizada em forno de cerâmica. Todos os espécimes foram termociclados (20.000 ciclos) entre 5°C - 55°C com um tempo de permanência de 30 segundos em água destilada e a resistência ao cisalhamento da porcelana de cobertura foi testada através de uma máquina de ensaio universal. Resultados: os dados numéricos foram avaliados quanto à normalidade, verificando a distribuição dos dados e utilizando testes de normalidade (testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov e Shapiro-Wilk). O teste ANOVA de um fator foi utilizado para comparar os grupos. Houve uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os três grupos (P-valor = 0,002, tamanho do efeito = 0,503). As comparações pareadas entre os grupos revelaram que o Z-etch apresentou a resistência de união ao cisalhamento estatisticamente significativamente mais alta. Conclusão: o revestimento de zircônia utilizando Z-etch mostrou resultados promissores para o aumento da resistência de união em comparação aos métodos convencionais de tratamento de superfície, como abrasão a ar e revestimento de sílica (AU)

Retrato da atuação profissional das enfermeiras em unidade de terapia intensiva COVID-19: revisão integrativa / Descripción del desempeño profesional de las enfermeras en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos exclusivas para COVID-19: revisión integradora / Portraying nurses' professional performance in COVID-19 Intensive Care Units: An integrative review

Objetivo: analisar e integrar as evidências científicas acerca do conhecimento produzido em termos de cuidado, saúde ocupacional, física e emocional por enfermeiras que atuam em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva COVID-19. Método: revisão integrativa de literatura realizada no Pubmed, Excerpta Medica Database, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature e na Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde, em março de 2022. Resultados: os dados extraídos de 39 artigos foram integrados em três temas: a saúde física e emocional das enfermeiras na unidade de terapia intensiva; a saúde ocupacional dos trabalhadores das unidades de terapia intensiva COVID-19; a revolução no cuidado de Enfermagem em tempos de COVID-19. Conclusão: durante a pandemia da COVID-19, enfermeiras atuando em unidades de terapia intensiva foram expostas a longas jornadas e condições inadequadas de trabalho. As enfermeiras atuaram buscando novas tecnologias para promover o cuidado e também como defensoras dos direitos dos pacientes.

Objective: to analyze and integrate diverse scientific evidence about the knowledge produced in terms of care, occupational, physical and emotional health by nurses working in a COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit. Method: an integrative literature review conducted in March 2022 in PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature and Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde. Results: the data extracted from 39 articles were integrated into three topics: Nurses' physical and emotional in the Intensive Care Unit; Occupational health of COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit workers; and The Nursing care revolution in COVID-19 times. Conclusion: during the COVID-19 pandemic, the nurses working in Intensive Care Units were exposed to extended workdays and inadequate working conditions. They worked seeking new technologies to promote care and also as advocates of the patients' rights.

Objetivo: analizar e integrar las evidencias científicas acerca del conocimiento producido en términos de atención, salud ocupacional, física y emocional por enfermeras que trabajan en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos exclusivas para COVID-19. Método: revisión integradora de la literatura realizada en PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature y en la Biblioteca Virtual da Salud, en marzo de 2022. Resultados: los datos extraídos de 39 artículos se integraron en tres temas: Salud física y emocional de las enfermeras en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos; Salud ocupacional de los trabajadores de las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos exclusivas para COVID-19; y Revolución en la atención de Enfermería en tiempos de COVID-19. Conclusión: durante la pandemia de COVID-19, las enfermeras que trabajan en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos se vieron expuestas a extensas jornadas laborales y a condiciones inadecuadas de trabajo. Se preocuparon por buscar nuevas tecnologías para promover la atención y también se desempeñaron como defensoras de los derechos de los pacientes.

Ensino das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis incuráveis para estudantes de graduação em enfermagem: revisão de escopo / How to teach incurable sexually transmitted infections to undergraduate nursing students: a scoping review / Enseñanza de infecciones de transmisión sexual incurables a estudiantes de grado en enfermería: revisión de alcance

RESUMO Objetivo: agrupar e sintetizar os estudos que abordam o ensino das Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis Incuráveis para estudantes de graduação em enfermagem no mundo (1989-2020). Método: revisão de escopo conforme Instituto Joanna Briggs. Estratégia de busca realizada na PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science e LILACS. Dois revisores realizaram seleção e extração dos dados de forma independente. Resultados: após busca e remoção de duplicatas, 41 estudos estavam de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos e foram incluídos. A análise de conteúdo resultou em três categorias: Cenários e Estratégias de Ensino; Foco do Ensino; e Efetividade do Ensino. Considerações finais: as ações educativas tiveram efetividade no aumento do conhecimento, diminuição do estigma e ansiedade, e aumento da sensibilidade em promover o cuidado de enfermagem. O ensino dessa temática se mostra importante na atuação da profissão sobre os índices epidemiológicos e na formação dos estudantes de enfermagem para prevenção e promoção em saúde.

ABSTRACT Objective: to group and synthesize the studies that address the teaching of Incurable Sexually Transmitted Infections for undergraduate Nursing students in the world (1989-2020). Method: a scoping review according to the Joanna Briggs Institute. The search strategy was carried out in PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science and LILACS. Two reviewers selected and extracted the data independently. Results: after searching and removing duplicates, 41 studies met the established criteria and were included. Content analysis resulted in three categories: Teaching Scenarios and Strategies; Teaching Focus; and Teaching Effectiveness. Final considerations: the educational actions were effective in increasing knowledge, reducing stigma and anxiety, and increasing sensitivity in promoting Nursing care. Teaching this theme is important in the profession's work on epidemiological indices and in the training of Nursing students for prevention and promotion in health.

RESUMEN Objetivo: agrupar y sintetizar los estudios que abordan la enseñanza de las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual Incurables para los estudiantes de grado en enfermería a nivel mundial (1989-2020). Método: revisión de alcance según los lineamientos del Instituto Joanna Briggs. Estrategia de búsqueda realizada en PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science y LILACS. Dos revisores realizaron la selección y extracción de datos de forma independiente. Resultados: después de buscar y eliminar duplicados, 41 estudios cumplieron con los criterios establecidos y fueron incluidos. El análisis de contenido dio como resultado tres categorías: Escenarios y Estrategias de Enseñanza; Foco de la Enseñanza; y Eficacia de la Enseñanza. Consideraciones finales: las acciones educativas fueron efectivas para aumentar el conocimiento, reducir el estigma y la ansiedad y aumentar la sensibilidad para promover el cuidado de enfermería. La enseñanza de este tema es importante para el desempeño de la profesión para los índices epidemiológicos y la formación de los estudiantes de enfermería para la prevención y promoción de la salud.

Maternal Outcome of Eclamptic Patients Admitted in Gazi Medical College Hospital

Background: Eclampsia is one of the major causes of maternal and perinatal mortality. Eclampsia is more common in developing countries compared to developed countries.This study aimed to assess the maternal outcome in eclamptic patients.Material & Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gazi Medical College, Khulna, Bangladesh, during the period from September 2017 to February 2019.Results:The mean age of study people was 23.84 years (SD±5.03 years), among them 58% had postpartum eclampsia and 42% had antepartum eclampsia. Most of the study people (62%) did not take regular antenatal check-ups during pregnancy and 47% of study people had 1-4 convulsions before admission, and most of the study people (80%) had high blood pressure stage 2 (?140/?90 mmHg), Oedema was presented in 98% of study people, 44% of study people and 3gm/l(+++) albumin in the urine. In this study, 56 % had LUCS delivery and 44% had a vaginal delivery, 7% of study people had pulmonary oedema, 7% had renal failure, 2% had DIC, 7% had CVA, 9% had abruption placenta 16% had PPH, 31% needed admission in ICU. There was no maternal death, mean duration of hospital stay was 7 days (SD±3 days). For most of the study people (56%), BP on discharge was normal (?120/?80 mmHg) and for all study people, urine albumin was nil.Conclusions:Eclampsia was a major cause of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity in Bangladesh. Race and age appear to be risk factors for eclampsia with Bangladeshi women and those at the extremes of reproductive age at greater risk. Antenatal care is important in reducing perinatal mortality and possibly maternal complications.

Pregnancy with Anxiety and Depression during Covid-19 Pandemic: A single Centre Study

Background: Corona-virus pandemic has become a major health problem worldwide. It evokes mental health disorders affecting the population globally, especially pregnant women and is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.The aim of the study was to assess anxiety and depression in pregnant women during the Covid-19 pandemic.Material & Methods:This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Islami Bank Central Hospital Kakrail, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Pregnant women visiting the gynae&obs outpatient department, and women who had recently delivered in the gynae ward (in the past 15 days) were included in the study and asked to fill out a questionnaire.Results:A total of 152 patients were enrolled and analyzed in this study. Out of the total, 108 (71.05%) of the patients were less than 30 years, 38 (25.00%) were between 31 and 35 years old, and only 6 (3.95%) were older than 35 years. We found that 103(67.76%) of pregnant women had developed mental health disorders during this pandemic and there is a need to reform policies for the care and counseling of pregnant women as they are particularly susceptible.Conclusions:This study examined the mental health of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of the women thought COVID-19 could affect their pregnancy. Proper screening and diagnosis would bring early treatment to the needy thus preventing complications to both the mother and the newborn.

Green coffee bean extract attenuates gentamicin induced acute nephrotoxicity in rats / El extracto de grano de café verde atenúa la nefrotoxicidad aguda inducida por gentamicina en ratas

Gentamicin induced acute nephrotoxicity (GIAN) is considered as one of the important causes of acute renal failure. In recent years' great effort has been focused on the introduction of herbal medicine as a novel therapeutic agent for prevention of GIAN. Hence, the current study was designed to investigate the effect of green coffee bean extract (GCBE) on GIAN in rats. Results of the present study showed that rat groups that received oral GCBE for 7 days after induction of GIAN(by a daily intraperitoneal injection of gentamicin for 7days), reported a significant improvement in renal functions tests when compared to the GIAN model groups. Moreover, there was significant amelioration in renal oxidative stress markers (renal malondialdehyde, renal superoxide dismutase) and renal histopathological changes in the GCBE-treated groups when compared to GIAN model group. These results indicate that GCBE has a potential role in ameliorating renal damage involved in GIAN.

La nefrotoxicidad aguda inducida por gentamicina (GIAN) se considera una de las causas importantes de insuficiencia renal aguda. En los últimos años, el gran esfuerzo se ha centrado en la introducción de la medicina herbal como un nuevo agente terapéutico para la prevención de GIAN. Por lo tanto, el estudio actual fue diseñado para investigar el efecto del extracto de grano de café verde (GCBE) sobre la GIAN en ratas. Los resultados del presente estudio mostraron que los grupos de ratas que recibieron GCBE oral durante 7 días después de la inducción de GIAN (mediante una inyección intraperitoneal diaria de gentamicina durante 7 días), informaron una mejora significativa en las pruebas de función renal en comparación con los grupos del modelo GIAN. Además, hubo una mejora significativa en los marcadores de estrés oxidativo renal (malondialdehído renal, superóxido dismutasa renal) y cambios histopatológicos renales en los grupos tratados con GCBE en comparación con el grupo del modelo GIAN. Estos resultados indican que GCBE tiene un papel potencial en la mejora del daño renal involucrado en GIAN.

The after-effects of COVID-19 on academia and scientific community: Researchers perspective

The commotion pandemic has caused has affected almost every aspect of the academic community. Distancing and issues related to the risk of spread have caused researchers to stop most of their most non-COVID clinical trials and experiments, causing a reduction in recruitment of research associates and a lag in data entry into clinical trial databases. Fresh graduates and research scholars who have not yet begun their doctoral research or postdoctoral fellowship are among the most who will endure the consequences. Few valuable crowdfunding options have surfaced to help fund effective scientific research that may otherwise not receive financial support. The institutes affected by the COVID-19 pandemic can seek extra financial aid to cover expenditures that arise from projects being delayed or derailed. The research community should raise awareness of the challenges faced by universities and researchers worldwide and clearly explain the need for action to prevent or limit any further unfavorable consequences.

The 2017 ACR TI-RADS: pictorial essay / TI-RADS-ACR 2017: ensaio iconográfico

Abstract High-resolution ultrasound is the imaging method of choice for the evaluation of thyroid nodules. The method has recently come to be used widely and often, which has increased the rate of thyroid nodule detection. In 2017, the American College of Radiology (ACR) established a risk-stratification system designated the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) to be a practical guide for widespread use, with a single lexicon and standardization of ultrasound reports of thyroid nodules. The objective of this study was to present a practical approach, using examples to illustrate the criteria evaluated by the 2017 ACR TI-RADS, in order to help minimize uncertainties regarding its application by sonographers.

RESUMO A ultrassonografia de alta resolução é a modalidade de escolha para avaliação de imagem dos nódulos tireoidianos, e sua recente aplicação ampla e difusa tornou a detecção de nódulos tireoidianos mais frequentes. O American College of Radiology (ACR) estabeleceu um sistema de estratificação de risco denominado Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) para ser um guia prático para utilização ampla com um léxico único e padronização de relatórios ultrassonográficos de nódulos tireoidianos. O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma abordagem prática com base em exames para ilustrar e exemplificar os critérios avaliados pelo TI-RADS-ACR 2017, a fim de ajudar a reduzir os pontos de dúvidas de sua aplicação pelos profissionais ultrassonografistas.

Prosthetic design and restorative material effect on the biomechanical behavior of dental implants: strain gauge analysis / Efeito do desenho protético e do material restaurador no comportamento biomecânico de implantes dentários: análise de extensometria

Objective: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different implant prosthetic designs with two restorative materials on biomechanical behaviour using strain gauge analysis. Material and Methods:6 different screw-retained implant restorations were designed and fabricated using a CAD/CAM system. These implants were divided into three main groups according to each design: group FB (fixed bridge); CB (cantilever bridge); SC (separate crowns). Each group was divided into two subgroups according to their restorative material: subgroup I ­ ultra translucent multi-layered zirconia (Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc, Japan); subgroup II ­ a combination of PEEK framework (BioHPP, Bredent, GmbH & Co.KG, Germany) and zirconia crowns (ultra-translucent multi-layered zirconia, Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc, Japan). Each subgroup was subjected to a vertical load of 100 N and their biomechanical behaviour was evaluated using a strain gauge (Kyowa, Japan) with a resistance of 120 Ω, length of 1 mm and width of 2.4 mm. For the implants, two strain gauges were positioned buccally and lingually, parallel to the long axis of the implant. For the restoration, two strain gauges were positioned buccally and lingually in the middle of it. The results were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by serial two-way and one-way ANOVAs at each level of the study, followed by Tukey's post hoc test P-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using BENFORRONI correction and the significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05 for all tests. Results: FB showed the lowest strain values out of all 3 design groups. Moreover, the combination of PEEK and zirconia showed strain values smaller than full zirconia. The highest mean strain value was recorded in CB at 299.50 while the lowest mean strain peak value was recorded in group FB (74.50). The highest strain peak was recorded in CB subgroup I (3901.0 ± 195.91) and the difference had statistical significance (P-value < 0.01). Conclusion: the fixed bridge designed with PEEK framework and zirconia crowns was found to be more favorable in restoring the posterior edentulous area regarding strain measurements on the level of prosthetic components, implant and bone level. (AU)

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi avaliar o comportamento biomecânico de diferentes desenhos protéticos com dois materiais restauradores em implantes dentários usando análise por extensometria. Material e Métodos: 6 diferentes restaurações parafusadas em implantes foram projetadas e fabricadas usando um sistema CAD/CAM. Esses implantes foram divididos em três grupos principais de acordo com cada desenho: grupo PF (ponte fixa); PC (ponte cantilever); CI (coroas individuais). Cada grupo foi dividido em dois subgrupos de acordo com o material restaurador: subgrupo I ­ zircônia multicamada ultra translúcida (Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc, Japão); subgrupo II ­ uma combinação de estrutura PEEK (BioHPP, Bredent, GmbH & Co.KG, Alemanha) e coroas de zircônia (zircônia multicamada ultra translúcida, Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc, Japão). Cada subgrupo foi submetido a uma carga vertical de 100 N e seu comportamento biomecânico foi avaliado usando um extensômetro (Kyowa, Japão) com resistência elétrica de 120 Ω, comprimento de 1 mm e largura de 2,4 mm. Para os implantes, dois extensômetros foram posicionados pela vestibular e lingual, paralelos ao longo eixo do implante. Para a restauração, dois extensômetros foram posicionados no centro da estrutura, pela vestibular e lingual. Os resultados foram analisados usando análise de variância de três fatores (ANOVA), seguida de ANOVA dois fatores e um fator em cada estágio do estudo, seguidas pelo teste de Tukey. Os valores P foram ajustados para comparações múltiplas usando a correção de BENFORRONI e o nível de significância foi estabelecido em P ≤ 0,05 para todos os testes. Resultados: PF apresentou os menores valores de deformação de todos os 3 grupos de desenho. Além disso, a combinação de PEEK e zircônia apresentou valores de deformação menores do que a zircônia total. O maior valor médio de deformação foi registrado no PC em 299,50, enquanto o menor valor médio de pico de deformação foi registrado no grupo PF (74,50). O maior pico de deformação foi registrado no subgrupo PC I (3901,0 ± 195,91) e a diferença teve significância estatística (P-valor < 0,01). Conclusão: a ponte fixa projetada com estrutura de PEEK e coroas de zircônia mostrou-se mais favorável na restauração da área edêntula posterior em relação às medidas de deformação dos componentes protéticos, implante e nível ósseo (AU)

Poder interprofissional em cuidados intensivos: reflexão filosófica a partir de perspectivas foucaultianas e críticas / Poder interprofesional en cuidados intensivos: reflexión filosófica a partir de perspectivas foucaultianas y críticas / Interprofessional Power in Acute Care: Philosophical Reflection using Foucauldian and Critical Perspectives

Resumo Objetivo Discutir as relações de poder entre profissionais de saúde em ambientes de cuidado intensivo e sua interferência no processo de construção do conhecimento. Métodos Neste artigo filosófico, exploramos a influência das relações de poder na construção do conhecimento, a partir das perspectivas foucaultiana e crítica de Gramsci e Freire em relação às práticas de enfermagem e cuidados de saúde. Resultados Há quatro fontes de poder organizacional (tomada de decisão, critério, controle de recursos e controle de conhecimento/rede) que atuam em diferentes níveis das organizações de saúde. As unidades de terapia intensiva são um importante segmento do ambiente de saúde, e a complexidade no cotidiano dos profissionais desse setor pode dificultar as relações de poder no processo de construção do conhecimento. Por exemplo, quando profissionais externos à equipe da UTI, que detêm conhecimentos específicos, precisam ser contatados para auxiliar em casos, como durante o processo de doação e transplante de órgãos. Nesta situação, é necessário desconstruir o poder competitivo para construir o poder colaborativo. Conclusão Usando as perspectivas de Freire e Gramsci, argumentamos que a falta de conhecimento contribui para o poder competitivo, que pode ser superado se os indivíduos envolvidos participarem no processo de aprendizagem em direção ao poder colaborativo. Portanto, as estratégias ou ações para lidar com os desequilíbrios de poder interprofissional podem contribuir para a transformação e mudança mútua.

Resumen Objetivo Discutir las relaciones de poder entre profesionales de salud en ambientes de cuidado intensivo y su interferencia en el proceso de construcción del conocimiento. Métodos En este artículo filosófico, exploramos la influencia de las relaciones de poder en la construcción del conocimiento a partir de las perspectivas foucaultianas y la crítica de Gramsci y de Freire en relación con las prácticas de enfermería y los cuidados de salud. Resultados Hay cuatro fuentes de poder organizativo (toma de decisión, criterio, control de recursos y control de conocimiento/red) que actúan en distintos niveles de las organizaciones de salud. Las unidades de cuidados intensivos son un importante sector del ambiente de la salud, y la complejidad en la labor cotidiana de los profesionales de ese sector puede dificultar las relaciones de poder en el proceso de construcción del conocimiento. Por ejemplo, cuando profesionales externos al equipo de la UCI, que tienen conocimientos específicos, tienen que ser contactados para auxiliar en algunos casos, como durante el proceso de donación y trasplante de órganos. En esta situación se hace necesario deconstruir el poder competitivo para construir el poder colaborativo. Conclusión Usando las perspectivas de Freire y de Gramsci, argumentamos que la falta de conocimiento contribuye para el poder competitivo, que se puede superar si los individuos involucrados participan en el proceso de aprendizaje en dirección al poder colaborativo. Por lo tanto, las estrategias o las acciones para hacer frente a los desequilibrios de poder interprofesional pueden contribuir con la transformación y el cambio mutuo.

Abstract Objective To discuss the power relations among health care professionals in acute care settings and its interference in the process of knowledge building. Methods In this philosophical paper, we explored the influence of power relations on knowledge building using a Foucauldian and critical perspective of Gramsci and Freire related to nursing and health care practices. Results There are four sources of organizational power (decision-making, discretion, control of resources, and control of knowledge/network) that act at different levels of healthcare organizations. Intensive care units are an important segment of healthcare setting, and the complexity involved in the daily activities of professionals in this sector can lead to difficult power relations in the process of knowledge building. For instance, when professionals external to the ICU team that hold specific knowledge need to be contacted to help in cases, such as during organ donation and transplantation process. In this situation it is necessary to deconstruct the competitive power in order to build the collaborative power. Conclusion Using Freire's and Gramsci's perspectives we argued that lack of knowledge contributes to competitive power which can be overcome if involved individuals engage in the learning process towards a collaborative power approach. Therefore, strategies or action to address interprofessional power imbalances can contribute mutual transformation and change.