ABSTRACT
Background: understanding the prevalence of menstrual disorders has important implications for both health service planning and risk factor epidemiology
Objective: the aim of this review is to identify and collate studies describing the prevalence of menstrual disorders in Iran
Materials and Methods: studies with original data related to the prevalence of menstrual disorders were identified via searching six electronic databases and reviewing citations. All abstracts or titles found by the electronic searches were independently scrutinized by two reviewers. The Meta-analysis was performed with a random effects model, considering the remarkable heterogeneity among studies. A total of 35 eligible epidemiological studies were included in this review
Results: overall, the pooled prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea was 73.27% [95% CI=65.12-81.42]. The mean proportion of women with oligomenorrhea was 13.11% [95.5%, 95% CI: 10.04-16.19]. We identified 16 studies that reported polymenorrhoea with a random effect of pooled prevalence estimate of 9.94% [95% CI 7.33%-12.56%]. The prevalence estimate of hypermenorrhea was 12.94% [95% CI 9.31%-16.57%]. Overall prevalence of hypomenorrhea was 5.25% [95% CI 3.20%-7.30%], ranging from 0.9- 12.90%. Pooling six studies that reported estimates for menorrhagia, the overall prevalence was 19.24% [95% CI 12.78-25.69]. Overall, 6.04% [95% CI: 1.99-10.08] of the women were shown to have metrorrhagia
Conclusion: this systematic review suggests that the average prevalence of menstrual disorders in Iran is substantial. It has been neglected as a fundamental problem of women's reproductive health. Diagnosis and treatment of these disorders should be included in the primary health care system of reproductive health
ABSTRACT
Aim: Present study aimed to systematically review and quantitatively synthesize published data about the prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus [HBV] infection among high risk groups in Iran
Background: Determining true burden of Hepatitis B Virus [HBV] infection among high-risk groups relies on knowledge of occurrence measures such as prevalence rate. There is no conclusive and comprehensive data regarding to prevalence of HBV infection among high risk groups in Iran
Methods: Relevant studies were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge and local databases. In addition, reference lists of relevant studies were searched manually. Two independent authors reviewed the eligibility of retrieved studies and extracted the required data. Studies reporting HBV infection among high risk groups were included in the meta-analysis using random effects models. Meta regression and sub-group analysis were considered as additional analyses
Results: The initial search yielded 566 citations. After the primary screen, 37 studies were selected for review. Meta-analysis results showed that pooled prevalence of HBV infection among high risk groups in Iran was 4.8% [95% confidence interval: 3.6%-6.1%], with the highest prevalence among in prisoners [5%; 3%-6%] and in central regions of Iran [7%; 4%-l 1%]. Year of study may affect the observed heterogeneity in the estimated prevalence of HBV infection among injection drug users [IDUs] and prisoners
Conclusion: Our results indicate that prevalence of HBV infection among high risk groups was seemingly high in Iran. Health policy decision makers should be aware of prevalence of HBV infection among different high risk groups and in different regions of Iran
ABSTRACT
Background: The multiple pregnancy incidence is increasing worldwide. This increased incidence is concerning to the health care system. This study aims to determine the frequency of multiple pregnancy and identify factors that affect this frequency in Tehran, Iran
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 5170 mothers in labor between July 6-21, 2015 from 103 hospitals with Obstetrics and Gynecology Wards. The questionnaire used in this study consisted of five parts: demographic characteristics; information related to pregnancy; information related to the infant; information regarding the multiple pregnancy; and information associated with infertility. We recruited 103 trained midwives to collect data related to the questionnaire from eligible participants through an interview and medical records review. Frequencies and odds ratios [OR] for the association between multiple pregnancy and the selected characteristics [maternal age, economic status, history of multiple pregnancy in first-degree relatives, and repro-ductive history] were computed by multiple logistic regression. Stata software, version 13 [Stata Corp, College Station, TX, USA] was used for all statistical analyses
Results: Multiple pregnancy had a prevalence of 1.48% [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-1.85]. After controlling for confounding variables, we observed a significant association between frequency of multiple pregnancy and mother's age [OR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.001-1.09, P=0.044], assisted reproductive technique [ART, OR=6.11, 95% CI: 1.7-21.97, P=0.006], and history of multiple pregnancy in the mother's family [OR=5.49, 95% CI: 3.55-9.93, P=0.001]
Conclusion: The frequency of multiple pregnancy approximated results reported in previous studies in Iran. Based on the results, we observed significantly greater frequency of multiple pregnancy in older women, those with a history of ART, and a history of multiple pregnancy in the mother's family compared to the other variables