ABSTRACT
Background and study aim: this study aimed to determine the antibacterial resistance patterns of extended spectrum b-lactamase [ESBL]-producing enteropathogenic Escherichia coli [EPEC] isolated from Iranian children and to investigate its genetic patterns
Patients and methods: 192 non-repeats EPEC isolates were collected from stool samples of the children with and without diarrhoea. The EPEC strains were isolated from 1355 stool specimens obtained from 247 children with diarrhoea [0-10 years old; mean age, 5.5 years] and 1108 children without any gastrointestinal symptoms [0-10 years old; mean age, 6.8 years] during the summer months in three Iranian provinces, Tehran, Ilam and Mazandaran. Strains biochemically identified as E. coli were selected and were identified by the presence of eaeA and bfpA as EPEC virulence genes. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined by disc diffusion method. The isolates were confirmed to be ESBL producers by the double disk synergy test [DDST]. The b-lactamase genes [blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaOXA] and insertion sequence ISEcp1 were detected by PCR method
Results: the highest antibiotic susceptibility was detected to imipenem [100%], followed by gentamicin [82.3%] and ciprofloxacin [79.2%]. The highest resistance was detected to cefpodoxime [97.9%], trimethoprim [60.7%], and tetracycline [58.4%], respectively. Totally, 153 EPEC strains [79.7%] were ESBLproducing by DDST test. The PCR showed that 84 [43.8%] EPEC isolates were positive for ESBLs encoding genes. Among 153 ESBLs-producing EPEC, TEM was present in 9.2% of isolates. Also, CTX-M and SHV genes were detected in 7.2% and 7.8%, respectively. The SHV positive strains were associated with the highest resistance rate to tetracycline [56.5%], although the TEM and OXA were associated with the highest resistance rate to gentamicin [23.1%] and ciprofloxacin [21.4%]
Conclusions: the study revealed that 79.7% of EPEC isolates from Iranian children were ESBL-producing and were comparable with the non ESBL-producing isolates regarding susceptibility to the antibiotics
ABSTRACT
Objective: Sulfur mustard [SM] is a potent mutagenic agent that targets several organs, particularly lung tissue. Changes in morphological structure of the airway system are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary deficiency following exposure to SM. Although numerous studies have demonstrated pathological effects of SM on respiratory organs, unfortunately there is no effective treatment to inhibit further respiratory injuries or induce repair in these patients. Due to the extensive progress and achievements in stem cell therapy, we have aimed to evaluate safety and potential efficacy of systemic mesenchymal stem cell [MSC] administration on a SM-exposed patient with chronic lung injuries
Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, our patient received 100x106 cells every 20 days for 4 injections over a 2-month period. After each injection we evaluated the safety, pulmonary function tests [PFT], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] Assessment Test [CAT], St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire [SGRQ], Borg Scale Dyspnea Assessment [BSDA], and 6 Minute Walk Test [6MWT]. One-way ANOVA test was used in this study which was not significant [P>0.05]
Results: There were no infusion toxicities or serious adverse events caused by MSC administration. Although there was no significant difference in PFTs, we found a significant improvement for 6MWT, as well as BSDA, SGRQ, and CAT scores after each injection
Conclusion: Systemic MSC administration appears to be safe in SM-exposed patients with moderate to severe injuries and provides a basis for subsequent cell therapy investigations in other patients with this disorder
Subject(s)
Humans , Mustard Gas/adverse effects , Adipose Tissue/cytology , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Long Term Adverse Effects , IranABSTRACT
The therapy of leishmania infection is difficult and each year 1.5 million new cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis and 500,000 new cases of visceral leishmaniasis are estimated, therefore, there is a need for an effective vaccine. Monoclonal antibody [mAb] is one of the suitable methods for isolation and purification of leishmania antigens. In this report, we produced several mAb against leishmania infantum antigens for antigen purification to be used as candidate vaccine. BALB/c mice were injected with freeze-thawed promastigote twice together with Freund adjuvant. Three days before fusion, antigen in saline was injected into the tail vain and then mice were killed and the spleen lymphocytes were fused with myeloma SP2/0. Five mAb against promastigote form of Leishmania infantum parasite were obtained. Western-blot analysis showed that these mAb recognize a band of 57- kDa protein either in parasite lysate or on whole L. infantum, L. tropica, L. major and L. donovani. It seems that the 57 kDa-protein is the major surface leishmania antigen [gp63] that is neither stage-specific nor differentially regulated. These mAb do not recognize the recombinant gp63 antigen and seems recognizing only the native form of a gp63 isoform. The IgG1 mAb was purified by affinity column and was used to purify 57 kDa antigens from Leishmania lysate. Since these antibodies recognizing one specific protein band in 4 different strains of leishmania, they could be used for leishmania diagnostic kits and also for purification of antigen to be tested for its protective effect against leishmania infection