ABSTRACT
Introduction: The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy and safety of laser lithotripsy in pregnant patients
Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed the 15 pregnant women who have been treated for ureteral stones with semi-rigid ureteroscope and holmium laser at our center between Januarys 2007and April 2015
Results: The mean age of patients and mean gestational age was 29.3 years old 27.3 weeks respectively. Mean size of stones was 7.84 mm. Twelve patients had renal colic, and hematuria was found in 3 cases. Irritative urinary symptoms such as frequency and urgency detected in 6 ones and 2 patients had fever. The stone of all patients were fragmented by using holmium laser lithotripter. In 5 patients stone residual fragments were removed by grasper while other 10 patients were left to pass fragments spontaneously. No intraoperative and postoperative urological or obstetric complication was seen
Conclusion: Laser lithotripsy is safe and efficacious in pregnant patients who have ureteral stone that does not respond to conservative management
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to clarify the role of PTEN gene in progression of prostate cancer. A total of 51 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens of prostate cancer were analyzed for PTEN mutations. Tissue microdissection and polymerase chain reaction/ single-strand conformation polymorphism methods were used. Clinical and pathologic data of the patients were reviewed with regard to PTEN mutation. The Gleason score [GS] was less than 7 in 29 [56.8%], 7 in 11 [21.6%], and greater than 7 in 11 [21.6%]. Tumor stage was IIa, IIb, IIc, and IV in 14 [27.4%], 4 [7.8%], 21 [41.2%], and 12 [23.6%] patients, respectively. Eleven of 12 stage IV tumors had metastases at the time of presentation. Six of 51 cases [11.6%] showed mutation in PTEN which had involved exones 1,2, and 5. Two of these cases had localized and the others had advanced prostate cancer. One case of the tumors with PTEN mutation had a GS of 7 and 5 had GSs greater than 7. Patients with a positive mutation of PTEN had a significantly greater GS [P<.001], lower survival rate [P=.001], higher tendency to metastasis [P=.002], and higher prostate-specific antigen [p=.03]. Cox proportional hazard model showed that only GS was significantly correlated with mortality [P=.03]. Patients with prostate cancer who had PTEN mutation had also a significantly greater GS, poorer prognosis, and higher rate of metastasis. However, this mutation cannot predict the prognosis and the GS is a more precise factor