ABSTRACT
Background: Approximately 80 percent of patients who are suffering from Hepatitis C are uninformed of their infection
Objective: To assess the prevalence of hepatitis C viral antibodies in high school teachers and students in the rural areas of Punjab, Pakistan
Methodology: A total of 1200 apparently healthy high school teachers and students [9[th] and 10[th] class] from rural rural rural communities of Punjab were randomly selected from 1[st] January to 31[st] December 2016. Probability based random sampling method was used. 5ml blood was drawn from each individual. Subsequently serum was separated from the blood sample for testing the antibodies of hepatitis C virus. The data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 22
Results: A maximum prevalence of 16.6% of the antibodies against hepatitis C virus infection was observed in the category of male high school students, followed by 10.6%, 8.3% and 5.3% in the category of male high school teachers, female high school teachers and female high school students in the descending order respectively. The prevalence rate of hepatitis C antibodies in Southern, Central and Northern Punjab was 10%, 14.25% and 6.5% respectively. Our all the prevalence of hepatitis C antibodies was 10.5%
Conclusion: The prevalence of hepatitis C antibodies was high in our study subjects. Male high school students were found mostly infected in the Central Punjab as compared to other categories in the rural communities of Punjab
ABSTRACT
Background: Injured patients brought in the emergency and trauma centre of healthcare facilities are subject to medical treatment, medico-legal examination and certification. Probability of indulgence of male and female population in physical assault and use of various kinds of weapons are different in diverse communities
Objective: To determine the pattern of medicolegal cases among males and females, and type of weapon used during the physical assaults
Methodology: It was a cross sectional study conducted in the Rural Health Centre, Ellahabad of Distt. Kasur, during the period from 1[st] January to 31[st] December 2014. Data pertaining to medico-legal record was analyzed by using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0
Results: Out of the total 441 cases, 359 [81%] were male and 82 [19%] were female. Mostly blunt weapons 260 [59%] were used. Road side accidents were only 51 [11%]
Conclusion: Male were more involved in causing physical assault. Results obtained are in conformity with the prevailing norms of the male dominant society. Blunt weapons were used more frequently than any other weapon