Knowledge and practices of mothers regarding acute respiratory infection having children below 5 years of age visiting pediatric outpatient department Bahawal Victoria hospital Bahawalpur

Objective: The aim of study was to assess the knowledge and practices of mothers regarding ARI having children below 5 years of age, attending Pediatric outpatient department, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur

Study Design: Descriptive / cross sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Pediatric outpatient Department, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur from 13 May 2016 to 13 June 2016

Materials and Methods: The data was collected through a pre-formed questionnaire about knowledge of mothers regarding episodes and symptoms of ARI while last portion was about practices of mothers regarding treatment of ARI. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 13. All result was presented in percentages and in frequencies

Results: In this study 100 mothers were included, out of which 10% had poor knowledge, 72% were having satisfactory knowledge while 18% had good knowledge regarding ARI. Out of 100 mothers 23% had poor practices, 36% had satisfactory practices and 41% had good practices regarding ARI

Conclusion: The study reveals that most of the mother had satisfactory of good knowledge about ARI. Half of the mothers know all the dangerous symptoms of ARI. However, only half of the mothers had good practices regarding ARI. Utilization of health services was moderate

Factors affecting academic performance in middle school children in government and private schools of Bahawalpur

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the factors affecting academic performance of middle school children in public and private sector schools of Bahawalpur City

Study Design: Descriptive / Cross sectional Study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Government Abbasia Higher Secondary Model School and Moon System of Education [private school] Bahawalpur from February 2016 to June 2016

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Middle school [7[th] and 8[th] class]. The data was collected through a pre-formed questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 15. Percentages and frequencies were calculated. Figures were made

Results: In this study 200 students were included, out of which Government Abbasia Higher Secondary Model School Bahawalpur, the students with poor academic performance were 28%, fair academic performance were 23%, good academic performance were 49% and in Moon System of Education Bahawalpur [Private School], the students with poor academic performance were 2%, fair academic performance were 23%, good academic performance were 75%. In Abbasia School academic performance of students whose fathers were Illiterate was Poor 73.4%, Fair 13.3%, Good 13.3%. Academic performance of students whose fathers had education Up to Metric was Poor 24.2%, Fair 28.8%, Good 47% and academic performance of students whose fathers had education Above Metric was Poor 5.3%, Fair 10.5%, Good 84.2%

Conclusion: Our study concluded that that parents' education, socioeconomic status and parents' assistance in homework are directly related with academic performance of students

Outcome of breast lump in females attending surgical outpatient department, Jinnah hospital Lahore

Objective: Main focus of this research was to identify the consequence of breast lump in females attending surgical outpatient department, Jinnah Hospital Lahore

Study Design: Observational / descriptive / cross sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: that was conducted at the Outdoor of Surgical Units of Jinnah hospital, Lahore dated 15 April 2016 to 15 May 2016

Materials and Methods: All data was collected by patients through a feedback form that was prepared according to the knowledge of patients about breast diseases. Collected data analyses was made by SPSS version 13 and results was presented in different forms like tables, frequencies and percentages of variables

Results: Total sample of 95 patients affected from breast lump taken. All the patients were divided into different age groups. 58 [61.05%] were age group between 16-35 years of age, 31 [32.63%] were between 36-55 years of age and 6[6.31%] patients were between the age group 56 years and above. In our study, 41 % patients had malignant carcinoma of the breast followed by fibroadenoma in 36% and breast accessible 15%. Most common age group suffering from carcinoma was 26-35 years of the age where it was found to be 13 [31.1%] Fibro adenoma was the most common disease of younger age group age 15-25 years of age

Conclusion: Conclusion of this study is the incidence of breast malignancy, fibro adenoma and inflammatory diseases is greater in our setup. However, there should be breast clinics screening programs so that breast cancer diagnosed at early stage. It is recommended now the surgeons managing patient's age 30 years and above with breast lump should be vigillant and cautious so that early diagnosed and management of malignant breast lump should be carried out

Frequency of hypertension among the patients attending medical outdoor at B.V.H, Bahawalpur

Objective: The purpose of the research was to find the incidence of hypertension in the patients visiting Medical OPD at B.V.H, Bahawalpur

Study Design: Observational / descriptive / cross sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Medical OPD, B.V.H, and Bahawalpur from 05 January 2016 to 05 April 2016

Materials and Methods: The data was collected through a pre-formed questionnaire about knowledge of patients regarding hypertension. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 17. All result was presented in percentages, frequencies, and tables

Results: Three hundred and thirty-two patients were examined during the study period with the age of 20 to 60 and above years. Among the study sample, 147[44%] were males and 185[56%] females. Maximum hypertensive patients 54[16.3%] were found among the age group of 41-50 years. Hypertension was found to be present in 57.6% males and 47.6% female having normal BMI. Most common factors associated with the presence of hypertension in our study population were "smoking", "use of ghee" and "lack of exercise". 22.5 percent of our male population smoke regularly and 39.5% female were in habit of using ghee daily. 95 [26.7%] hypertensive females and 61[21%] hypertensive males among our study population were having a family history of hypertension. Out of total type A population, 70[49.3%] were found to be hypertensive

Conclusion: In the present study, the frequency of hypertension in medical OPD patients was very high, [as 47 % of our study population was suffering from it]. Most of the patients were in 41-50 years age group

Factors responsible for post graduate resident satisfaction working in medicine, surgery and their allied departments in Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Nishtar Hospital Multan and Jinnah Hospital Lahore

Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate the factors responsible for Post Graduate Resident satisfaction working in medicine, surgery and allied departments in BVH, NHM, and JHL

Study Design: Observational / Descriptive / Cross sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in medicine, surgery and allied departments of BVH, NHM, and JHL from April to June 2016

Materials and Methods: A total of 210 participants took part in the study; there were 70 participants from each of the three hospitals. The sample was taken by Stratified proportionate sampling technique. The Post-Graduate Residents were given performed questionnaires to fill out. The data was analyzed by SPSS 13 and all results were presented in the form of frequencies, percentages, and tables

Results: All of the Post-Graduate Residents who were handed out the questionnaires responded, and therefore, the response rate was 100%. 77.2% of the Post-Graduate Residents were found to be neutral, while 22.8% were satisfied

Conclusions: Most of the Post-Graduate Residents were found to have a neutral response towards their professional satisfaction. The Post-Graduate Residents in BVH were more inclined towards a response of being professionally satisfied. The most popularly agreed upon workplace related factor was good working relations with colleagues

Comparison of role of zinc supplementation versus placebo in patients with HCV related cirrhosis

Objectives: To compare Zinc supplementation in HCV related cirrhosis with placebo in terms of mean change in levels of patients HCV viral load. Design: Randomized controlled trial [RCT]. Setting: Department of Medicine Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: From August 2014 to November 2014

Methodology: A total of 120 cases [60 in each group] were included in the study. The patients in study group received 150 mg of elemental Zinc [Syp. Zincate-OK 20 mg/5ml containing 20 mg of elemental zinc] two times in a day with routine treatment protocol of cirrhosis and patients in control group received routine treatment of cirrhosis and placebo in the form of multivitamin. Patients were followed for 4 months. Outcome after zinc supplementation was measured in terms of mean viral load of patients from baseline [at time of admission] by PCR technique

Results: In our study, majority of the patients in both groups were between 41-50 years i.e. 36.67%[n=22] in Cases and 31.67%[n=19] in controls, mean and SD was calculated as 43.65+4.21 in cases and 45.27+3.98 years in controls, 61.67%[n=37] in cases and 68.33%[n=41] in controls were male and 38.33%[n=23] in cases and 31.67%[n=19] in controls were females, mean viral load at the time of admission was recorded as 51.43+23.54 in cases and 52.21+17.46 in controls, p value was 0.28 which shows insignificant difference in both groups, while mean viral load after treatment was calculated as 6.22+2.13 in cases and 28.34+5.95 in controls, p value was computed as 0.000, which shows a significant difference in both groups

Conclusion: We concluded that on comparison of Zinc supplementation in HCV related cirrhosis with placebo in terms of mean change in levels of patients HCV viral load, patients treated with Zinc supplementation had significantly lower viral load which suggests use of zinc supplementation in future in patients with HCV related cirrhosis

Correlation between acute ischemic stroke, higher total cholesterol level and high barthel index score

Objectives: To determine the correlation between higher total cholesterol level and high Barthel Index score in patients with acute ischemic stroke

Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted at Radiology department and Medical Unit 1, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad for duration of 6 months from January 2015 to June 2015. 200 patients were included through Consecutive [non-probability] sampling technique. All the patients were undergone CT scan Brain from the radiology department of the Allied hospital to determine the respective changes [hypo dense area] of the ischemic stroke. Fasting serum cholesterol was measured in all patients after an overnight fast of 12 hours by drawing blood through 5cc BD syringe by me. Then all the patients were assessed by using Barthel Index score [BI]. Higher total cholesterol and high BI score were labeled after assessing the laboratory and clinical findings. The data was analyzed by using SPSS version 17.0. Spearman Rank correlation coefficient was calculated to BI score in patients with ischemic stroke. P-value<0.05 was considered as significant

Results: The mean age of the patients was noted as 61.76 +/- 11.55 years. In this study 55.50% were males and 44.50% patients were females. The mean total cholesterol value of patients was noted as 251.59 +/- 71.15 mg/dl. Out of 200 patients, 112 [56%] patients had high cholesterol [>200mg/dl] whereas 88 [44%] patient had low cholesterol of [<200mg/dl]. In this study the results showed that the mean value of total Barthel index score was 57.50 +/- 19.52. The study results described that 103 [51.50%] patients had high Barthel index score [>53] whereas 97 [48.50%] patients had low Barthel index score [<53]. Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated between high TC and high BI score as r= 0.631. This value was statistically significant i.e. p-value=0.000

Conclusion: With the help of this study, we found a significant positive relationship between high TC and high BI score in patients presented with ischemic stroke. Now we can better prognosticate the functional outcome of ischemic stroke in our patients

Comparison of fenofibrate versus gemfibrozil in the management of hypertriglyceridemia in patients with coronary heart disease

Objectives: To compare the mean triglyceride [TG] level with fenofibrate versus gemfibrozil in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome. Design: Randomized controlled trial [RCT] Setting: Department of Medicine Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: From August 2014 to June 2015

Methodology: A total of 100 cases [50 in each group] were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided in tow groups by using lottery method. In group-F, patients were prescribed fenofibrate capsule of 201mg/day and in group-G, patients prescribed gemfibrozil 600mg twice/day. Patients were followed for 12 weeks

Results: Mean age of the patients was 59.40 +/- 10.93 and 59.04 +/- 10.77 years in group-A and B, respectively. In group-F, 30 patients [60.0%] were male and 20 patients [40.0%] were female while in group-G, 27 patients [54.0%] were male and 23 patients [46.0%] were female. In group-F, 25 patients [50.0%] were obese and in group-G, 27 patients [54.0%] were obese. Unstable angina was observed in 27 patients [54.0%] of group-F and in 17 patients [34.0%] of group-G. NSTEMI [non ST segment elevated MI] noted in 10 patients [20.0%] of group-F and 20 patients [40.0%] of group-G while STEMI [ST segment elevated MI] was present in 13 patients [26.0%] in both groups. When comparison of triglyceride level was made, mean triglyceride level in group-F was 172.76 +/- 21.52 mg/dl and in group-G 214.12 +/- 44.09 mg/dl. Statistically significant difference was observed between two groups [p<0.001]

Conclusion: Mean triglyceride level at 12 weeks was lower in fenofibrate group as compared to gemfibrozil group. This study favorably supports the use of fenofibrate in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome

Attitudes towards menstruation among young women

To determine knowledge and different attitudes towards menstruation among young women. A descriptive study was carried out at Isra University Hyderabad and villages around the Isra University Hospital, from 1st April 2005 to 31st March 2006. Five hundred women from villages around Isra University Hospital and students of Isra University Hyderabad were selected by non-probability sampling who were of menstruating age irrespective of their marital and literacy status. Women with menstrual irregularities or any other gynecological or psychological problem were excluded. All information was recorded on a questionnaire Performa and analyzed on SPSS version 15.0. Out of 500 participants, 438 [87.6%] regarded menstruation as a natural process; whereas, 62 [12.4%] perceived it as a disease and curse from God. Out of 500, 415 [83%] of the participants responded that the menstruation process is good for health; however, 85 [17%] felt this process not healthy for themselves. Ignorance, false perceptions and unsafe practices regarding menstruation are not uncommon among young women, hence the importance of health education particularly of women living in rural areas. Then they will be better prepared emotionally to experience menstruation and will have less negative reactions