ABSTRACT
There are controversial results in the published literature about the use of primers on bonding strength of orthodontic brackets. The purpose of this study was to compare the mean shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets cured with or without the prior application of primer resins. Sixty extracted first premolars were included. In group MP, 30 teeth were cured using standardized bonding protocol including application of moisture insensitive primer resin while 30 teeth in group P were cured using standardized bonding protocol, including a step of application of conventional primer resins. Later on bonding strength was measured using universal testing machine and student's t-test was used for comparison of bond strength in both the groups. Results revealed that although bond strength values were higher in MP group but statistically insignificant differences were found in bond strength in both the groups [p 0.079]. It is concluded that there is no statistically significant difference in the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets cured with moisture insensitive primers or with conventional primers in our present study
ABSTRACT
Deep bite is multifactorial in nature with involvement of many local dental and skeletal factors. The aim of present cross sectional study was to find out the frequency of dental and skeletal factors involved in deep bite subjects visiting department of Orthodontics, Faisalabad Medical University and de'Montmorency College of dentistry. Orthodontic models and lateral cephalograms of 100 deep bite patients were included to find out the frequency of involved dental and skeletal factors. The mean age of the sample was 20.35 +/- 3.45 years. Results showed that in dental factors, deepening of Von spee curve was the most frequent dental factor while decreased mandibular plane angle was the most frequent skeletal factor. It was concluded that deep curve of spee was the most frequent dental factor while decreased mandibular plane angle was the most frequent skeletal factor involved in deep bite subjects
ABSTRACT
Approximately 10 million Pakistan's of population is a victim of Hepatitis C virus. A comparative study of two treatments for Hepatitis C being provided in private clinics and government hospitals was conducted to evaluate the cost effectiveness of these treatments. The quality adjusted life years [QALYs] for each treatment plan was determined with the help of health utilities, using EQ-5D scores. A comprehensive data collection form aided in scrutinizing the cause and effect of each treatment on the patient's quality of life. The total sample size for this study is 200 total from the public and private sectors. For both the treatment strategies, values for quality adjusted life years [QALYs], incremental cost effective ratio [ICER] and cost effective analysis [CEA] were calculated. The Hepatitis C virus 3a and 3b genotypic patients who were treated with pegylated interferon a-2a and ribavirin combination [strategy 2] showed an increased quality adjusted life years [QALYs] of two years, as compared to those who received interferon a-2a and ribavirin regimen [strategy 1]. An incremental cost effectiveness ratio [ICER] of Rs 144673.5 per quality adjusted life year [QALYs] was gained by patients treated with strategy 2. The therapy followed by the government sector [strategy 1] is relatively inexpensive accounting for Rs 654.5/quality adjusted life years [QALY] and therapy provided at the clinic sector [strategy 2] is relatively expensive Rs 5620.67 quality adjusted life years [QALY]. However, the cost effectiveness analysis for the pegylated interferon therapy is quite comparable with the other standard treatments; hence it can be called cost effective according to the quality adjusted life years [QALYs] gained and efficacy of the said therapy
Subject(s)
Humans , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Hepacivirus , Quality of Life , Interferons , Ribavirin , Drug Therapy, Combination , Surveys and Questionnaires , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective: to assess the calcium status of healthy female and male medical students
Material and Methods: this cross sectional study was carried out in 30 female and 30 male healthy medical students in Department of Physiology, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore. Subjects were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Height and weight of each subject was determined and BMI was calculated. Serum calcium was determined by colorimetric method. Serum parathyroid and calcitonin were estimated by the ELISA
Results: the height and weight of female students were significantly less than those of male students. BMI of female students was non-significantly lower than those of male students. In female students, serum calcium and calcitonin levels were significantly lower while serum parathyroid hormone was non significantly lower than in male students. A significant positive correlation between serum calcium and serum calcitonin levels and significant negative correlation between serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels were found in total study population. Significant correlations of serum calcitonin with weight and height were also present
Conclusion: the female medical students have low calcium status and are more prone to have bone loss
ABSTRACT
Background: The foundation of bone health is established during the pre and postnatal developmental stages especially childhood and adolescence. During this period the bone development may be altered by genetic and acquired disorders. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is one of chronic diseases in children and has great impact on the growth of children
Objective: To access bone mineral density in type 1 diabetic children of 9-15 years as compared to age matched healthy subjects and correlate these values with anthropometric and glycemic parameters
Subjects and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in 60 boys 9-15 years old ,in Department of Physiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore. The control group consisted of 30 healthy boys and diabetic group comprised of 30 boys suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus. Weight, height were measured and BMI was calculated. Fasting blood glucose was determined by glucose oxidase method and HbA1c by affinity liquid chromatography. Bone mineral density was measured with bone profiler based on quantitative ultrasound measurement [QUS]
Results: There was statistically non significant [p >0.05] difference of bone mineral density in diabetic and non-diabetic boys. The correlations between bone mineral density and anthropometric and glycemic parameters were not significant [p>0.05].A significant negative [p<0.05] correlation was observed between duration of diabetes and height. Significant [p<0.05] positive correlations were also observed between age and weight and age and height in diabetic boys
Conclusion: In type 1 diabetic children, bone mineral density, height and weight are not significantly affected by glycemic parameters but duration of diabetes has a significant negative impact on height in children