Urinary abnormalities in asymptomatic primary school Egyptian children

To detect the prevalence of asymptomatic urinary abnormalities in primary school Egyptian children, 1670 healthy children from Dakahila governorate were screed for hematuria and proteinuria using dipstick method. They were 910 males and 760 females. At the first screening, 22 children [1.3%] had urinary abnormalities however only 12 [0.72%] out of them had urinary abnormalities at the second screening. Out of children who had urinary abnormalities, six [0.36%] had isolated hematuria [IH], two [0.12%] had isolated proteinuria [IP] and four [0.24%] had combined hematuria and proteinuria [CHP], Renal biopsy was performed on four children [two had CHP, one had IH and the other had IP]. PSAGN was identified in three children of those who had lH. While the other two had hypercalciuria and renal stone and no abnormality was detected in the sixth child. One of IP children had orthostatic proteinuria while the other had focal segmental glomerulosclerosus. The pattem of renal diseases in CHP children was PSAGN in two, diffuse mesangial proliferation in one and IgA nephropathy in the other. In conclusion, asymptomatic urinary abnormalities are not present in considerable percentage among primary school children in our locality. PSAGN is the leading cause for these abnormalities. Only three children have evidence of chronic kidney disease which raises the issue of considering the cost-benefit ratio before the national implementation of the urine screening program

Asymptomatic bacteriuria among primary school children in Dakahlia governorate

Nine hundred and sixty primary school children from Dakahlia governorate were screened for asymptomatic bacteriuria [ABU]. The prevalence of ABU was found to be 4.1%. ABU was more predominant [P 0.001] in children from rural areas [5.9%] than in those coming from urban areas [1.5%]. Females had significantly [P<0.0001] higher ABU prevalence [6.5%] than males [1.6%]. There was no difference in the prevalence of bacteriuria between younger children and older ones. From the total bacterial isolates E-Coli were the most common bacteria 2.6%, followed by Enterobius faocalls 1.8%, Klebsiolla pneumonia 0.4%, then coagulase negative staphylococci 0.3%. In conclusion, ABU is not a common finding in primary school children in our locality. It is more common in girls and in those coming from rural areas. E-CoIi is the most common isolated bacteria

Epidemiology of nocturnal enuresis in children, a community based study

A questionnaire survey was conducted to 3000 children aged 5 to 15 years to provide information on the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis [NE] and its determinants. The overall prevalence of NE was 10.5% and secondary NE accounted for 15.2% of all enuretic cases. The prevalence of NE was significantly higher in males [11.9%] than females [9.2%] and in rural [11.6%] than in urban areas [8.6%]. There was a steady drop in prevalence of NE with age, and it decreased from 22.1% in 5 years-old children to 1.9% in those aged 15 years. In all ages, it was higher in males than females and in rural than in urban areas. Children who had history of NE in one family member were nearly 3-times more likely to have NE, while those who had history in 2 or more family members were nearly 5-times more likely to have NE. In non-enuretic children, there was a significant relationship between the age of nocturnal bladder control [NBC] and child residence, sex and weight at birth. NBC was achieved later in rural children, males and children with small birth weight. Similarly, children who had a history of enuresis in 2 or more family members attained NBC more than a year later than those with no family history