ABSTRACT
The feasibility of stem cell transplantation across the major histocompatibility [MHC] barrier-as in haploidentical stem cell transplantation [SCT]-has been proved for some time in several studies. The main limitations include a higher graft failure rate, delayed immune reconstitution after transplantation with high rates of life-threatening infections, a higher incidence of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease [PTLPD], and severe acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease [GVHD]. In an attempt to reduce the transplant-related morbidity/mortality, several techniques had been evaluated involving conditioning regimen intensity, graft engineering, post-transplant cellular therapy and immunosuppression. This review will describe the current situation. It will also discuss initiatives and strategies to overcome the limitations associated with transplant across the MHC barrier