ABSTRACT
@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>INTRODUCTION:</strong> Pre-impaired glucose tolerance (pre-IGT) or compensated hyperinsulinemia, is defined as normal glucose, and elevated insulin two hours after a 75-gram oral glucose load. It is characteristic of the early stages of diabetes mellitus (DM), where beta cells compensate for insulin resistance by increasing insulin secretion to maintain normoglycemia. With continuing beta cell failure, insulin secretion eventually fails, leading to the progression to diabetes. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a common feature of insulin resistance, is found in 50-75% and 42-55% of DM and pre-diabetes patients. We determined if <br />NAFLD was present in patients with pre-IGT.<br /><strong>METHOD:</strong> A study on the determination of NAFLD - diagnosed by liver ultrasound in pre-IGT patients at a university hospital.Descriptive statistics, Chi square test of independence, 2x2 Fischer Exact test, Z test of difference in proportion, were used for statistical analysis with a p-value set at 0.05?.IBMSPSS ver 21 was used as software.<br /><strong>RESULTS:</strong>The mean age of 22 patients was 29.95 years, with average BMI of 25.73 kg/m2;77.3% were female. Average lipid panels were within optimal limits; kidney and liver functions were normal. The mean insulin level was 58.36 uIU/mL. NAFLD was identified in eight of the subjects. <br /><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Although pre-IGT is a subclinical phase in the diabetes spectrum, 36% already have NAFLD.This prevalence was lower compared to diabetics and pre-diabetics, but higher compared to the general population.There was a noticeable trend of increasing insulin levels with increasing severity of fatty liver.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Middle Aged , Adult , Glucose Intolerance , Insulin Resistance , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Hyperinsulinism , Prediabetic State , Insulin-Secreting Cells , Insulins , Glucose , LipidsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Pre-impaired glucose tolerance (pre-IGT) or compensated hyperinsulinemia, is defined as normal glucose, and elevated insulin two hours after a 75-gram oral glucose load. It is characteristic of the early stages of diabetes mellitus (DM), where beta cells compensate for insulin resistance by increasing insulin secretion to maintain normoglycemia. With continuing beta cell failure, insulin secretion eventually fails, leading to the progression to diabetes. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a common feature of insulin resistance, is found in 50-75% and 42-55% of DM and pre-diabetes patients. We determined if NAFLD was present in patients with pre-IGT.METHOD: A study on the determination of NAFLD - diagnosed by liver ultrasound in pre-IGT patients at a university hospital.Descriptive statistics, Chi square test of independence, 2x2 Fischer Exact test, Z test of difference in proportion, were used for statistical analysis with a p-value set at 0.05?.IBMSPSS ver 21 was used as software.RESULTS:The mean age of 22 patients was 29.95 years, with average BMI of 25.73 kg/m2;77.3% were female. Average lipid panels were within optimal limits; kidney and liver functions were normal. The mean insulin level was 58.36 uIU/mL. NAFLD was identified in eight of the subjects. CONCLUSION: Although pre-IGT is a subclinical phase in the diabetes spectrum, 36% already have NAFLD.This prevalence was lower compared to diabetics and pre-diabetics, but higher compared to the general population.There was a noticeable trend of increasing insulin levels with increasing severity of fatty liver.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Middle Aged , Adult , Glucose Intolerance , Insulin Resistance , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Hyperinsulinism , Prediabetic State , Insulin-Secreting Cells , Insulins , Glucose , LipidsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis in men is markedly underdiagnosed and undertreated despite higher morbidity and mortality associated with fractures. This study aimed to characterize adult Filipino men with osteopenia, osteoporosis and prevalent fractures. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 184 Filipino men ≥50 years screened for bone mineral density was performed. Age, weight, body mass index (BMI), Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asians (OSTA) score, smoking status, family history of fracture, diabetes mellitus, physical inactivity, and T-score were considered. RESULTS: Of the 184 patients, 40.2% and 29.9% have osteopenia and osteoporosis. Sixteen (21.6%) and 18 (32.1%) osteopenic and osteoporotic men have fragility hip, spine, or forearm fractures. Men aged 50 to 69 years have the same risk of osteoporosis and fractures as those ≥70 years. While hip fractures are higher in osteoporotic men, vertebral fractures are increased in both osteopenic and osteoporotic men. Mere osteopenia predicts the presence of prevalent fractures. A high risk OSTA score can predict fracture. A BMI <21 kg/m2 (P<0.05) and current smoking are associated with osteoporosis. CONCLUSION: A significant fraction of Filipino men with osteopenia and osteoporosis have prevalent fractures. Our data suggest that fractures occur in men <70 years even before osteoporosis sets in. Low BMI, high OSTA score, and smoking are significant risk factors of osteoporosis.