ABSTRACT
@#The microRNAs(miRNAs)is a non-coding small RNA molecule with the function of regulating gene expression, which can be released by cells and tissues in various biological fluids, including serum or plasma. A large number of studies have confirmed that the expression of different miRNAs in diabetic retinopathy(DR)can be specifically increased or decreased. Recently, more and more evidence shows that some miRNAs in serum and plasma are specifically expressed in DR and participate in the occurrence and development of DR, and can become biomarkers for the diagnosis of DR and monitoring of DR progress. In addition, the regulation of these miRNAs levels may delay the progression of DR for early intervention in patients with DR. miRNAs is expected to become a new therapeutic target for DR. This paper mainly reviews the progress of miRNAs in the diagnosis and monitoring of DR and possible new therapeutic targets in recent years.
ABSTRACT
@#Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)is a basic protein, and a member of neurotrophic factor family, which plays an important role in the development, differentiation and maintenance of neurons. A large number of studies have confirmed that BDNF is involved in the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alheimer's disease, and has a neuroprotective effect. In the retina, BDNF is mainly produced by retinal ganglion cells, amacrine cells, astrocytes, retinal glial cells(Müller cells)and photoreceptors. In recent years, related studies have found that BDNF is involved in the occurrence and development of glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy(DR)and other ocular diseases, and may have a diagnostic role, which will be beneficial to early intervention of patients to avoid the development of advanced glaucoma or DR. On the other hand, BDNF-based therapies have achieved good results in <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> experiments of glaucoma, DR and amblyopia, which may provide more choices for the treatment of these ocular diseases. In this manuscript, the research progresses of BDNF in ocular diseases in recent years were reviewed.