ABSTRACT
Adolescence, period of transition from childhood to adulthood, is time with changes in social, psychological, behavioral, and physical situations. These changes combined with the cultural, social and family backgrounds' adolescents, can lead to social problems such as social deviations [delinquency].This study aims to compare the components of perceived social support and early maladaptive schemas in adolescents [male and female] delinquent and non-delinquent. This research was based on comparative and causal method. In this research, 100 delinquent adolescents [80 male and 20 female] using convenience sampling method and 100 non-delinquent adolescents [80 male and 20 female] using Cluster sampling method were selected. They completed the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support [MSPSS] questionnaires and Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form [YSQ-SF]. Data analysis was performed via descriptive statistics [Mean and SD.] and analytic methods such as independent T-test. Delinquent adolescents had higher mean of early maladaptive schemas and instead had lower level of social support. In addition, delinquent boys had higher early maladaptive schemas mean compared to non-delinquent boys and they had different levels of social support. There was a significant difference in perceived social support between delinquent and non-delinquent girls. Also, there was a significant difference between early maladaptive schemas of delinquent and non-delinquent girls. The findings showed the importance of providing background for strengthening of social support. Identification of early maladaptive schemas as patterns of emotional and cognitive damage in adolescence can be useful to provide appropriate psychological services to improve the quality of life and increased health-related behaviors of delinquent individual
ABSTRACT
From the perspective of psychology, obesity can lead to the negative attitude, stress and the increasing the risks of psychological disorders. From the viewpoint of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy [ACT], psychological disorders are due to the fusion of psychological and cognitive inflexibility. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an acceptance and commitment group therapy on improving the depression and body image among female with obesity. This quasi-experimental study was performed through pre-posttest with the intervention and the control groups. The target population of this research was total obese women depression symptoms and negative body image who referred to nutrition and sports clubs in East of Tehran in 2014. 30 obese women with depression symptoms and negative body image were selected through purposeful sampling and randomly divided in the intervention and the control groups. The intervention group participated in acceptance and commitment group therapy sessions include once a week for two months [a total of 8 sessions].The control group received no intervention. All participants were evaluated in the first and last meeting by the Beck Depression Inventory and body image questionnaires. To analyze the data descriptive parameters such as frequency and standard deviation and statistical tests such as t-test for comparison two independent groups were used. The results showed a significant reduction in depression scores [P<0.01] and a significant increase in body image scores [P=0.001] in patients of the intervention group compared to the control group. The study showed that acceptance and commitment group therapy in women with obesity lead to the reduction in depression and increase the desirable perception of body image, therefore, the use of this therapeutic approach is recommended in women with obesity
ABSTRACT
Diverse violence against women has several negative effects, especially after partum. Also, social supportive is one of the factors to enhance the mental health during this phase. Therefore, the aim of current study is to investigate the relationship between physical and emotional-verbal violence and social support with postpartum depression among women. This research is a descriptive correlational. The population is comprised women with postpartum depression in Tehran city in the years of 2014-15. The 140 women with postpartum depression were selected in a purposed sampling. The measuring instruments are Edinburgh Postnatal Depression [EPDS], Scale methods of conflict in marital disputes [CTS-2] and perceived social support scale multi-dimensional [MSPSS]. Data was analyzed utilizing Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions. The results indicated that the relationship of total score of violence rate and postpartum depression are statistically significant [p<0.001], although there is not the significant relationship between the verbal- emotional violence and postpartum depression [p<0.001]. Also, the total score of perceived social support and postpartum depression are statistically significant. In addition, violence and perceived social support can be predicted 16.9% and -0.319% of the variance of postpartum depression respectively. These findings emphasize that violence and lack of social support increase the occurrence of postpartum depression. Hence, it should be considered as risk factors in therapeutic intervention and postpartum depression prevention programs
ABSTRACT
Background: One of the conditions affecting mental health is working condition which should be considered more. Work-related stress can impair mental health. Firefighting because of exposure to hazardous agents and risky activities is a stressful and hard job. This research was conducted to investigate the relationship of type A personality and sensation seeking trait with general health among firefighters in Tehran City
Methods: The present research is a descriptive survey method. The study population comprised all firefighting staff of Tehran City in 2013-2014. A total of 150 firefighters were chosen by cluster sampling method. Three questionnaires were used in this study: Zuckerman's sensation seeking scale [1979], type A personality scale Lichtenstein [1989], and general health questionnaire [GHQ] [1979]. The results of questionnaires were analyzed with the Pearson correlation and the multivariate stepwise regression. SPSS16 software was used for data analysis
Results: The findings of the current research indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between type A personality [r=0.672], sensation seeking [r=0.180] and general health [P<0.05]. The mental health variable could be predict the intercept of both variables; Tape A personality and sensation seeking [Reg=24.202, P<0.0001]
Conclusion: According to the results of the study, there is relationship between type A personality and sensation seeking with general health among Tehran firefighters who are susceptible to mental pressure
ABSTRACT
Background: Sexual satisfaction is a vital component in marital satisfaction and quality of life. The appraisal of body image has influence on the sexual satisfaction. The previous study showed that people use methamphetamine and opium to enhance the sexual functioning. The current study is designed to examine the impact of methamphetamine and opium use in sexual satisfaction and body image
Methods: The sample includes 100 non-substance user men and 53 methamphetamine users and 47 opium users that were selected with convenience sampling, respectively [age ranged below 50 years, mean=34.71 +/- 6.35] in Tehran, in 2012. The research instruments were Index of Sexual Satisfaction [Frazoni 1984] and Body Esteem Scale [Hudson 1981]. Data was analyzed between three groups by utilizing the Pearson correlation and MANOVA
Result: Body image is associated with sexual satisfaction in non-substance user [P<0.01] and opium user [P<0.01], but this relationship was not observed in the methamphetamine group [P<0.05]. In addition, the significant difference was found between three groups in sexual satisfaction and body image [P<0.005]. Besides, the results revealed that the average of body image and sexual satisfaction in non-substance abuser is higher than the substance user [P<0.05], and sexual satisfaction in methamphetamine group is higher than opium group [p<0.05]
Conclusion: These findings support the idea that body image is a critical factor in sexual satisfaction. Consequently, treatment must consider the psychological and physical impact of methamphetamine and opium use in sexual function
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Background: Breast cancer associates with severs severe distress and stress. Since Because of that, the stress management program can train necessary skills to cope with stress; therefore, the current study investigates the effectiveness of stress management on enhancement of quality of life
Objectives: The aim of the current study is to examine the effectiveness of stress management model in quality of life for breast cancer patients
Patients and Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental study with pre and post-tests. The 21 subjects were selected from cancer institute of Imam Khomeini in Tehran in 2014. The participants were allocated to two matched groups based on their pre-test scores. They were assigned randomly to the control and experimental groups. Stress management was conducted with the experimental group during 10 sessions. Then the questionnaire was administered at post-test. Statistical analysis was conducted by using the independent t-test and analysis of variance. The research instrument was the core quality of life questionnaire QLQ-C30
Results: The results of the independent t-test showed that there is a significant difference between the pretest and post-test scores in the experimental group [P < 0.05]. Also, there is no significant difference between means of quality of life subscales and socio demographic of the patients such as; age, education and disease stage [P < 0.05]
Conclusions: The results indicate that stress management can change the irrational and distortion thoughts. So, it enhances the quality of life in breast cancer patients
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Quality of Life , Stress, Psychological , Disease Management , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
One of negative and influential factor to chronic diseases is creation of sexual problems in the couple's sexual relationship. Sexual health is one of the most important factor in Sexual and marital satisfaction. This study aims to compare the relationship between couple burnout, sexual assertiveness, and sexual dysfunctional beliefs in women with diabetic and non-diabetic husbands. This cross sectional descriptive study was a causal comparative one. The research plan was derived from the master's dissertation for family counseling in Shahid Beheshti University which was done during 2011-2012 in Tehran, Iran. Totally 200 participants were included in this study; 100 participants were women with diabetic husbands and the others were women with non-diabetic husbands. These participants were selected by purposeful sampling method. Data were collected using personality traits and demographic characteristics' questionnaire, couple burnout Measure, Hulbert index of sexual assertiveness and sexual dysfunctional beliefs Questionnaire. Results of the multi-variable analysis of variance indicated that there was a significant difference between couple burnout, sexual assertiveness, and sexual dysfunctional beliefs in women with diabetic and non-diabetic husbands. Women with non-diabetic husbands had a higher mean score in sexual assertiveness factor compared to women with diabetic husbands, whereas in couple burnout and sexual dysfunctional beliefs factors, women with diabetic husbands had a higher mean score. It seems that one of the most important factors which influences and increases couple burnout, increases wrong sexual beliefs regarding sexual function, and decreases sexual assertiveness in women is their husbands' sexual dysfunction. In fact, women whose husbands suffer from chronic diseases such as diabetes [which results in sexual dysfunction] have lower sexual assertiveness and higher couple burnout and sexual dysfunctional beliefs compared with other women
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology , Sexual Behavior , Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological , Chronic Disease , Personal Satisfaction , Surveys and Questionnaires , Assertiveness , SpousesABSTRACT
Considering the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders among infertile women, it seems that gynecologists, psychiatrists, and psychologists should be more attentive to identify and treat these disorders. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of E-cognitive group therapy with emotional disclosure on mentwal health status of infertile women who are receiving assisted reproduction. In this randomized clinical trial study, 80 infertile women who were receiving hormonal therapy or other assisted reproductive technologies [ART] were randomly allocated to the cognitive-behavioral treatment [CBT] group or the control group. The CBT group had a weekly 12-hour meeting for a period of three months. They also participated in some painting sessions [art therapy] and written and verbal emotional disclosure [both individually and in group presentation]. The Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales [DASS] test and Penn State Worry Questionnaire [PSWQ] were used for data gathering. Results showed the level of psychological distress decreased in the control group, but not significantly. Psychological intervention in the treatment group significantly lowered the level of psychological distress; the mean score of DASS in all aspects was significant. The difference between the mean score of the two groups after intervention was significant [p=0.001] and also according to ANCOVA [p=0.002]. Differences were significant between the mean scores of both groups in the PSWQ [p=0.001], Inventory Test [p=0.001], which was confirmed by ANCOVA [p=0.009]. These finding suggest that CBT with emotional self-disclosure promotes coping strategies among infertile women. Results also show that these approaches develop mental health and decrease stress in infertile women. Using a psychiatric approach in medical settings could help infertile women to promote their adjustment with mental health problems due to of in infertility
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to examine the comparison of relationship beliefs and couples burnout in women who apply for divorce and women who want to continue their marital life for this study, 50 women who referred to judicial centers and 50 women who claimed they wanted to continue their marital life were randomly selected. Participants were asked to complete the relationship beliefs inventory and marital burnout questionnaires. In this study, descriptive statistical methods such as standard deviation, mean, t- students for independent groups, correlation, multi-variable regression and independent group's correlation difference test were used. The comparison between the relationship beliefs of the 2 groups [those wanting to divorce and women wanting to continue their marital life] was significantly different [p<0/1]. In addition, the comparison of marital burnout was significantly different in the 2 groups [p<0/1]. Women who were about to divorce were significantly different from those who wanted to continue their marital relationship in the general measure of the relationship beliefs and factors of "believing that disagreement is destructive and their partners can not change their undesirable behaviors". In other words, women who were applying for divorce had more unreasonable thoughts and burnout compared to those who wanted to continue their marital life