ABSTRACT
The continuous growth of the global human population and the depletion of natural energy resources are posing a threat to the environment and the sustainable supply of food and energy. To address this issue, a solution known as "green technology" has been developed, focusing on the use of eco-friendly approaches. One of these approaches involves harnessing the power of cyanobacteria, which are ancient microorganisms that have existed on Earth for a long time. This approach was used to probe the diversity of phototrophic microorganisms in Wheat samples. The presence of nif genes allows cyanobacteria to x nitrogen which plays a vital role in nitrogen cycle and biological processes such as plant growth and soil fertility. Wheat production test in current study evaluates the yield and quality of wheat crops. It shows factors such as improvement in growth, heat resistance and environmental adaptability, improvement in production; provide insights for optimizing cultivation practices and ensuring successful high yield. Identication of Cyanobacteria for their combination of nif and molecular identity is prior for production of bio fertilizers. Cyanobacteria can be cultivated on a large scale to produce biomass that has multiple uses, including biofertilizer, secondary metabolites, cosmetics, and medicines. In the eld of agriculture, production of healthy crop cyanobacterial biofertilizer are being increasingly used in eco-friendly and sustainable practices. These biofertilizer are produced through mass cultivation of cyanobacteria and offer several benets.
ABSTRACT
Gingival enlargement, also synonymous with the terms gingival hyperplasia or hypertrophy, is defined as an abnormal overgrowth of gingival tissues. A case of 18–year–old female presenting with maxillary chronic inflammatory gingival enlargement. Surgical therapy was carried out to provide a good aesthetic outcome. The importance of patient motivation and compliance during and after therapy as a critical factor in the success of treatment.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: (i) To study the clinical and immunological profile of HIV infected children attending the ART centre; (ii) To correlate CD4 count with clinical staging at diagnosis; and, iii) To study the clinical and immunological response to antiretroviral treatment. Setting: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) centres of two tertiary care hospitals of Delhi. Patients: 100 children attending the centres between December 2008 to June 2009. Methods: The clinical features, immunological profile (CD4 count) and response to ART were recorded in a structured proforma. Design: Prospective follow-up. Results: Average age of enrolled children was 6.24 y (range 1-14 years) and mode of transmission was parent to child in 92%. Most common clinical presentation was fever (83%), cough (50.8%) and diarrhea (38.9%). Tuberculosis was the most common opportunistic infection seen in 11% of children. 59% of enrolled children were malnourished. Antiretroviral treatment (ART) was initiated in 33 children. Children who were initiated on ART had a significant improvement in both clinical and immunological staging at the 6 months follow up. Immunological response (rise in CD4 count) to ART was better in children with lesser degree of immunosuppression. The measure of agreement between the clinical and immunological stage at presentation was poor. Conclusions: Baseline CD4 counts rather than clinical staging can be a primary determinant for initiation of antiretroviral treatment in HIV infected children.