ABSTRACT
Background@#As a leading cause of blindness in working-aged people, diabetic retinopathy is a serious threat to quality of life. There is limited information on prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy among diabetic subjects and its associated factors in a rural setting in developing countries including Mongolia.@*Methods@#Population based cross sectional study included either type 1 or 2 diabetic patients from Selenge province, Darkhan-Uul province, Tuv province and Dundgovi province, and done complete eye examination to detect any diabetic retinopathy including fundus examination. We classified diabetic retinopathy according to the severity and assessed risk factors.@*Results@#Totally 1443 persons participated in this study, the overall prevalence of any diabetic retinopathy was 16.3%, the overall prevalence of macular edema was 2.7%, and the overall prevalence of vision-threatening retinopathy was 2.2%. In persons with detected diabetic retinopathy, 85.8% has mild to moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. Selenge province has the most diabetic retinopathy (22.5%) compared to Darkhan-Uul, Tuv, and Dundgovi provinces (15.3%, p=0.01; 15.1%, p=0.03; 5.5%, p<0.001) respectively. Independent risk factor for any retinopathy were longer diabetes duration (p<0.001), high systolic blood pressure (p<0.001), high level of HbA1c (p<0.001), and smoking (p<0.001).@*Conclusions@#In this study overall prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 16.3%, and our result is lower than other studies in Asia. Longer the duration of diabetes, and higher the systolic blood pressure, HbA1c are related to the development of diabetic retinopathy. We need better control of the hypertension and diabetes mellitus in the future.
ABSTRACT
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the leading cause of visual impairment in people with diabetes mellitus. Last few years, as a result of the introduction of the latest diagnostic technology and new treatment managements in our practice, we were able to diagnose and treat patients with DME at a qualitatively new level. The purpose of this study was to evaluate central retinal subfield thickness (CRST) on Cirrus OCT™ in patients with diabetes mellitus but minimal or no retinopathy. Our study was aimed to evaluate central retinal subfield thickness in patients with diabetes mellitus but minimal or no retinopathyThis cross-sectional study were included 101 patients (189 eyes) with diabetes mellitus with no or minimal diabetic retinopathy and no central retinal thickening on clinical examination and on a Cirrus™ (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) optical coherence tomography (OCT). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Committee of the School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences. All study participants provided written informed consent before entering the study. The investigators assessed the BCVA using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) visual acuity testing chart, and the stereoscopic color fundus photography was performed by the fundus camer VX-10 (Kowa Company, Ltd, Nagya, Japan) and CRST were measured by the Cirrus OCT™ (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany) for all patients. The main outcome measurement was central retinal subfield thickness fast macular scan on Cirrus OCT™.The study enrolled 101 patients. Average age was 52.94±9.85 years, 54% were men and 46% women. Type 1 diabetes was present in 2.1% and type 2 in 97.9% participants. The average duration of diabetes was 6.03±4.94 years, mean HbA1c was 10.23±2.97 and ETDRS BCVA was 78.32±8.47 letter score. On average, central subfield thickness was 251.26±21.23 µm. Central subfield thickness was significantly greater in retinas from men than retinas from women participants (mean 256.12±22.27 µm versus 245.56±18.49 µm, p=0.001). The proportion of participants with a CRST <200 µm were 1.1%, 201-250 µm 43.9%, 251-270 µm 37.6% and ≥271 µm 17.5% respectively.The average central subfield thickness on Cirrus OCT™ in patients with diabetes mellitus and minimal or no retinopathy are were 251.26±21.23 µm. Central subfield thickness is greater in men than in women.
ABSTRACT
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the leading cause of visual impairment in people with diabetes mellitus. Last few years, as a result of the introduction of the latest diagnostic technology and new treatment managements in our practice, we were able to diagnose and treat patients with DME at a qualitatively new level. The purpose of this study was to evaluate central retinal subfield thickness (CRST) on Cirrus OCT™ in patients with diabetes mellitus but minimal or no retinopathy. Our study was aimed to evaluate central retinal subfield thickness in patients with diabetes mellitus but minimal or no retinopathy This cross-sectional study were included 101 patients (189 eyes) with diabetes mellitus with no or minimal diabetic retinopathy and no central retinal thickening on clinical examination and on a Cirrus™ (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) optical coherence tomography (OCT). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Committee of the School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences. All study participants provided written informed consent before entering the study. The investigators assessed the BCVA using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) visual acuity testing chart, and the stereoscopic color fundus photography was performed by the fundus camer VX-10 (Kowa Company, Ltd, Nagya, Japan) and CRST were measured by the Cirrus OCT™ (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany) for all patients. The main outcome measurement was central retinal subfield thickness fast macular scan on Cirrus OCT™. The study enrolled 101 patients. Average age was 52.94±9.85 years, 54% were men and 46% women. Type 1 diabetes was present in 2.1% and type 2 in 97.9% participants. The average duration of diabetes was 6.03±4.94 years, mean HbA1c was 10.23±2.97 and ETDRS BCVA was 78.32±8.47 letter score. On average, central subfield thickness was 251.26±21.23 µm. Central subfield thickness was significantly greater in retinas from men than retinas from women participants (mean 256.12±22.27 µm versus 245.56±18.49 µm, p=0.001). The proportion of participants with a CRST <200 µm were 1.1%, 201-250 µm 43.9%, 251-270 µm 37.6% and ≥271 µm 17.5% respectively. The average central subfield thickness on Cirrus OCT™ in patients with diabetes mellitus and minimal or no retinopathy are were 251.26±21.23 µm. Central subfield thickness is greater in men than in women.