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2.
J. bras. nefrol ; 45(2): 244-251, June 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1506581

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The covid-19 vaccine confers direct protection and reduces transmission rates of the virus and new variants. Vaccines from Pfizer/BioNTech and CoronaVac have been cleared for children in Brazil. They are safe, effective, and immunogenic. There are no known complications associated with the use of steroids or vaccines in pediatric patients with covid-19 and nephrotic syndrome. With or without immunosuppression, these patients are not at increased risk of severe covid-19, and steroids are safe for them. A milder form of covid-19 occurs in patients with chronic kidney disease without the need for hospitalization. The vaccine response may be reduced and/or the duration of antibodies after vaccination may be shorter than in the general population. However, considering risk of exposure, vaccination against covid-19 is recommended. It is believed that patients with hemolytic-uremic syndrome are at higher risk of severe covid-19. Vaccination is recommended, although specific data on the safety and efficacy of the covid-19 vaccine are limited. There is agreement that the benefits of induced immunity outweigh the risks of immunization. Vaccination against covid-19 is recommended for children and adolescents needing kidney transplantation or who have undergone transplantation. These patients present decreased immune response after vaccination, but immunization is recommended because the benefits outweigh the risks of vaccination. Current recommendations in Brazil stipulate the use of the messenger RNA vaccine. This paper aims to provide pediatric nephrologists with the latest knowledge about vaccination against covid-19 for children with kidney disease.


Resumo A vacina covid-19 confere proteção direta, reduz as taxas de transmissão do vírus e de novas variantes. No Brasil, estão liberadas para a população pediátrica as vacinas Pfizer/BioNTech e a CoronaVac, ambas seguras, eficazes e imunogênicas. Pacientes pediátricos com síndrome nefrótica e covid-19 têm curso clínico regular sem complicações relacionadas ao uso de esteroides ou vacinas. Esses pacientes, com ou sem imunossupressão, não apresentam maior risco de covid-19 grave e o tratamento com esteroides é seguro. Os pacientes com doença renal crônica têm covid-19 mais leve, sem necessidade de hospitalização. A resposta vacinal pode ser reduzida e/ou a duração dos anticorpos pós-vacinação pode ser menor do que na população geral. Entretanto, a vacina covid-19 está recomendada, considerando o risco de exposição. Acredita-se que pacientes com síndrome hemolítico-urêmica teriam maior risco de covid-19 grave. A vacina é recomendada, embora dados específicos sobre segurança e eficácia da vacina covid-19 sejam limitados. Há concordância que os benefícios da imunidade induzida superam quaisquer riscos da imunização. A vacina covid-19 é recomendada para crianças e adolescentes candidatos ao transplante renal ou já transplantados. Esses pacientes têm resposta imunológica reduzida após a vacina, entretanto ela é recomendada porque os benefícios superam qualquer risco dessa vacinação. A recomendação atual no Brasil é a vacina de tecnologia RNA mensageiro. O objetivo deste documento é levar aos nefrologistas pediátricos os conhecimentos mais recentes sobre a vacinação contra contra-19 em crianças com doenças renais.

3.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 99(3): 254-262, May-June 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1440464

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective Advances in medicine have increased the life expectancy of pediatric patients with chronic illnesses, and challenges with the guided transition of adolescents and young adults from pediatric clinics to adult clinics have grown. The aim of this study was to better understand readiness and factors related to this transition process in Brazil. Method In this cross-sectional study of 308 patients aged from 16 to 21 years under follow-up in pediatric specialties, the degree of readiness for transition was assessed using the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ) and its domains. Associations with demographic data, clinical data, socio-economic level, medication adherence, family functionality, and parental satisfaction with health care were evaluated. Results The median TRAQ score was 3.7 (3.2 - 4.2). Better readiness was associated with female patients, socio-economic class A-B, current active employment, higher level of education, not failing any school year, attending medical appointments alone, functional family, and a good knowledge of disease and medications. A low correlation was observed between TRAQ and age. TRAQ presented good internal consistency (alpha-Cronbach 0.86). In the multiple linear regression, TRAQ score showed a significant association with female gender, advanced age, socio-economic class A-B, better knowledge of disease and medications, and independence to attend appointments alone. Conclusion TRAQ instrument can guide healthcare professionals to identify specific areas of approach, in order to support adolescents with chronic disease to set goals for their own personal development and improve their readiness to enter into the adult healthcare system. In this study, some factors were related to better TRAQ scores.

4.
J. bras. nefrol ; 44(4): 579-584, Dec. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421913

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introdução: A diálise peritoneal (DP) é importante para a pediatria. Este estudo mostrou dados de centros brasileiros que utilizam DP pediátrica. Método: Estudo transversal, observacional, descritivo com questionário eletrônico. Incluiu-se pacientes de 0-18 anos em DP cadastrados nos bancos de dados dos diversos centros. Questionário preenchido anonimamente, sem dados de identificação. Foi adotada metodologia quantitativa. Resultados: 212 pacientes estão em DP no Brasil (agosto, 2021). 80% têm menos de 12 anos de idade. A maioria realiza DP automatizada e 74% são dependentes do Sistema Único de Saúde. Em 25% dos centros faltou material de DP e em 51% os pacientes pediátricos foram convertidos de DP para HD. Conclusão: A maioria dos pacientes tinha menos de 12 anos e era dependente do SUS. A escassez de insumos aconteceu em 25% dos centros. Esses dados apontam para o problema da sustentabilidade de DP, única alternativa de TRS em crianças muito pequenas.


Resumo Introdução: A diálise peritoneal (DP) é importante para a pediatria. Este estudo mostrou dados de centros brasileiros que utilizam DP pediátrica. Método: Estudo transversal, observacional, descritivo com questionário eletrônico. Incluiu-se pacientes de 0-18 anos em DP cadastrados nos bancos de dados dos diversos centros. Questionário preenchido anonimamente, sem dados de identificação. Foi adotada metodologia quantitativa. Resultados: 212 pacientes estão em DP no Brasil (agosto, 2021). 80% têm menos de 12 anos de idade. A maioria realiza DP automatizada e 74% são dependentes do Sistema Único de Saúde. Em 25% dos centros faltou material de DP e em 51% os pacientes pediátricos foram convertidos de DP para HD. Conclusão: A maioria dos pacientes tinha menos de 12 anos e era dependente do SUS. A escassez de insumos aconteceu em 25% dos centros. Esses dados apontam para o problema da sustentabilidade de DP, única alternativa de TRS em crianças muito pequenas.

5.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; 68(10): 1447-1451, Oct. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406568

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVES: The transition from face-to-face to remote teaching is yet to be fully understood. In clinical training, traditional teaching must prevail because it is essential for the acquisition of skills and professionalism. However, the responses of each school to the pandemic and the decision on when to resume clerkship rotations were mixed. In this study, we aimed to analyze whether the time to resume clerkship rotations was associated with the performance of the students by using a multi-institutional Progress Test. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at nine different Brazilian medical schools that administer the same annual Progress Test for all students. We included information from 1,470 clerkship medical students and analyzed the time of clinical training interruption as the independent variable and the student's scores as the dependent variable. RESULTS: The comparisons of the students' scores between the schools showed that there are differences; however, they cannot be attributed to the time the clerkship rotations were paused. The correlation between the schools' average scores and the time to resume clerkship rotations was not significant for the fifth year (r= -0.298, p=0.436) and for the sixth year (r= -0.440, p=0.240). By using a cubic regression model, the time to resume clerkship rotations could explain 3.4% of the 5-year students' scores (p<0.001) and 0.9% of the 6-year students, without statistical difference (p=0.085). CONCLUSIONS: The differences between the students' scores cannot be attributed to the time when the schools paused the clerkship rotations.

6.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 46(3): e118, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1407382

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Introduction: The relationships between the students' performance on medical residency exams and progress tests and medical clerkship rotations are not well established. Objective: The objective of this study was to measure the correlations between grades on progress tests and clerkship rotations assessments and the medical residency exam and determine which performance had the strongest correlation with the final medical residency exam. Methods: This was a retrospective and longitudinal study with correlation analyses of grades on progress tests from the 1st to 6th year of medical school, the clerkship rotations performance coefficient (5th and 6th years of school) and the final medical residency exam in a cohort of students enrolled in a federal public medical school using factor analysis. Students who performed the progress tests from the 1st to 6th year were included. Results: Of 123 students enrolled in the first year of medical school in 2009, 114 (92.7%) performed the progress tests during the six years and were included. The average grades on the progress tests from 1 to 10 were 2.67 (1st year), 3.01 (2nd year), 4.19 (3rd year), 4.01 (4th year), 5.19 (5th year), and 6.38 (6th year). The average grades in the clerkship rotations were 8.32 (5th year) and 8.26 (6th year). The average score on the theoretical medical residency exam was 7.53 and the final result of the medical residency exam was 8.05. Factor analysis detected three domains with greater correlation strength that accounted for 76.3% of the model variance. Component 1 was identified as the coefficient of academic performance (CAP) 5th, CAP 6th and final medical residency exam grades, whereas component 2 was constituted by the grades of the 5th and 6th years progress tests and the third component comprised the progress tests of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th years. Conclusions: Grades on the progress tests, the clerkship rotations assessments and the final medical residency exam were correlated. Moreover, the performance during the medical clerkship rotations showed the strongest correlations with medical residency exam grades.


Resumo: Introdução: As relações entre o desempenho dos alunos nos exames de residência médica e testes de progresso e os estágios no internato médico não estão bem estabelecidas. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivos medir as correlações entre as notas nos testes de progresso e as notas no internato e o resultado final do exame de residência médica, e determinar qual desempenho teve a maior correlação com o exame final da residência médica. Método: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo e longitudinal com análises de correlação de notas em provas de progresso do primeiro ao sexto ano do curso de Medicina, coeficiente de desempenho de estágios do internato (quinto e sexto anos) e notas do exame final de residência médica em uma coorte de alunos matriculados em uma Faculdade de Medicina de uma instituição pública federal, usando análise fatorial. Foram incluídos os alunos que realizaram os testes de progresso do primeiro ao sexto ano. Resultado: Dos 123 alunos matriculados no primeiro ano do curso de Medicina em 2009, 114 (92,7%) realizaram os testes de progresso durante os seis anos letivos e foram incluídos. As notas médias nos testes de progresso de 1 a 10 foram 2,67 (primeiro ano), 3,01 (segundo ano), 4,19 (terceiro ano), 4,01 (quarto ano), 5,19 (quinto ano) e 6,38 (sexto ano). As notas médias nos estágios foram 8,32 (quinto ano) e 8,26 (sexto ano). A nota média no exame teórico da residência médica foi 7,53; e a média no exame final da residência, 8,5. A análise fatorial detectou três domínios com maior força de correlação que responderam por 76,3% da variância do modelo. O componente 1 foi identificado como coeficiente de rendimento acadêmico (CAP) 5º, CAP 6º e o resultado final do exame de residência médica, o componente 2 foi formado pelas notas das provas de progresso do quinto e sextos anos, e o terceiro componente compreendeu as notas do progresso do segundo, terceiro e quarto anos. Conclusão: As notas das provas de progresso, as avaliações do internato e o exame final de residência médica apresentaram correlações significantes. Além disso, o desempenho durante o internato apresentou maior correlação com as notas do exame final de residência médica.

7.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 20: eAO6758, 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1375350

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective Investigate pulse wave velocity and central systolic blood pressure among pediatric population with chronic kidney disease. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 57 patients (61.4% male) aged 6.2 to 17.5 years old, 44 with nondialysis chronic kidney disease and 13 on chronic dialysis, were included in the analysis. The pulse wave velocity and the central systolic blood pressure were measured with an oscillometric device with an inbuilt ARC SolverⓇ algorithm and were compared with previously established percentiles. Results The prevalence of elevated pulse wave velocity was 21.1% (95%Cl: 11.4-33.9) and elevated central systolic blood pressure was 28.1% (95%CI: 17.0-41.5). According to the generalized linear model, there was a higher risk of elevated pulse wave velocity in patients undergoing chronic dialysis treatment than nondialysis chronic kidney disease patients (adjPR=4.24, 95%CI: 1.97-9.13, p=<0.001). Hypertensive patients (stage 2) had a higher risk of elevated pulse wave velocity than normotensive ones (adjPR=2.70, 95%CI: 1.05-6.95, p=0.040), as did patients younger than 12 years than the older patients (adjPR=2.95, 95%CI: 1.05-8.40, p=0.041). Hypertensive patients had a higher risk of elevated central systolic blood pressure than normotensives (adjPR=3.29, 95%Cl: 1.36-7.94), as did patients undergoing chronic dialysis treatment when comparing to nondialysis chronic kidney disease patients (adjPR=2.08, 95%Cl: 1.07-4.02). Conclusion Younger age, dialysis, and hypertension in children are independently associated with higher pulse wave velocity. Hypertension and dialysis are independently associated with higher central systolic blood pressure.

9.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1136752

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the reliability and validity of the Quality of Life Assessment in Spina Bifida (QUALAS), children and teenager's versions (QUALAS C and T, respectively). This is the first self-applicable quality of life assessment tool for patients under 13 years of age, which also addresses the issue of urinary and fecal incontinence. Methods: Two urologists performed the translation of both QUALAS versions. A commission produced a consensus version (Version 2), which was applied as a pilot study to define Version 3. It was then backtranslated into English and compared with the original version for equivalence of concepts. Internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) reproducibility was analyzed after two assessments with an interval from two to four weeks. Convergent and divergent validities between the QUALAS and a generic health-related quality of life questionnaire, the KIDSCREEN-27, were studied through Pearson's correlation. Results: The reliability analysis showed good internal consistency for QUALAS-C (α=0.73) and QUALAS-T (α=0.79) and good reproducibility in both questionnaires (QUALAS-C - ICC=0.86; QUALAS-T - ICC=0.92). For QUALAS-C convergent validity, there was a low correlation between its items (r=0.35). In addition, a low correlation was also found in the divergent validity analysis, when compared to the KIDSCREEN-27 (r≤0.33). Convergent and divergent validities of the QUALAS-T questionnaire had similar results: r=0.46 and r≤0.49, respectively. Conclusions: After the adaptation and validation process, QUALAS-C and QUALAS-T questionnaires showed to be reliable and valid instruments for measuring the health-related quality of life of children and teenagers with spina bifida aged 8 years or older.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a confiabilidade e a validade do questionário QUALAS (Quality of Life Assessment in Spina Bifida) nas versões para crianças e adolescentes (QUALAS-C e QUALAS-T, respectivamente). Este é o primeiro instrumento autoaplicável de avaliação da qualidade de vida para pacientes menores de 13 anos e que também aborda a questão das incontinências urinária e fecal. Métodos: Dois urologistas realizaram a tradução das duas versões do QUALAS. Uma comissão produziu uma versão de consenso (Versão 2), a qual foi aplicada no estudo piloto para definir a Versão 3. Esta foi retrotraduzida para o inglês e comparada à versão original para equivalência de conceitos. Para verificar a confiabilidade, analisou-se a consistência interna com o alfa de Cronbach e a reprodutibilidade com o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) após duas aplicações do questionário em intervalo de duas a quatro semanas. As validades convergente e divergente foram estudadas por meio da correlação de Pearson entre o QUALAS e um questionário genérico de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde, o KIDSCREEN-27. Resultados: A análise de confiabilidade revelou que ambos os questionários apresentaram boa consistência interna (QUALAS-C - α=0,73; QUALAS-T - α=0,79) e boa reprodutibilidade (QUALAS-C - CCI=0,86; QUALAS-T - CCI=0,92). Na análise da validade convergente do QUALAS-C, observou-se baixa correlação entre os itens (r=0,35). Além disso, a análise da validade divergente também demonstrou baixa correlação quando comparada ao KIDSCREEN-27 (r≤0,33). As validades convergente e divergente do questionário QUALAS-T tiveram resultados semelhantes: r=0,46 e r≤0,49, respectivamente. Conclusões: Após o processo de adaptação e validação, pode-se afirmar que os questionários QUALAS-C e QUALAS-T são instrumentos confiáveis e válidos para a mensuração da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de crianças e adolescentes com espinha bífida a partir dos 8 anos de idade.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Spinal Dysraphism/psychology , Translations , Urinary Incontinence/etiology , Urinary Incontinence/psychology , Brazil , Reproducibility of Results , Spinal Dysraphism/complications , Fecal Incontinence/etiology , Fecal Incontinence/psychology
10.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 46(5): 805-813, Sept.-Oct. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1134240

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) has been suggested as a possible marker of renal injury in chronic diseases. This study proposes to analyze the serum and urinary markers of the RAAS in myelomeningocele patients with renal function abnormalities detected on DMSA. Material and Methods: Seventeen patients followed in our institution that presented with renal injury on DMSA. We review nephrologic and urologic clinical aspects and evaluated ultrassonagraphy, voiding urethrocystography and urodynamics. Urinary and serum samples were collected to evaluate possible correlations of renal lesions with RAAS. Control group urine and serum samples were also sent for analysis. Results: Serum ACE 2 activity means in relation to urodynamic findings were the only values that had a statistically significant difference (p = 0.040). Patients with normal bladder pattern presented higher ACE 2 levels than the high risk group. Statistical analysis showed that the study group (SG) had a significantly higher mean serum ACE than the CG. The means of ACE 2 and urinary ACE of the SG and CG were not statistically different. The ROC curve for serum ACE values had a statistically significant area for case and non-case differentiation, with 100% sensitivity and 53% specificity for values above 60.2 mg/dL. No statistically significant areas were observed in relation to ACE 2 and urinary ACE values between SG and CG. Conclusion: The analysis of serum ACE, ACE 2 and urinary ACE were not significant in patients with myelomeningocele and neurogenic bladder with renal injury previously detected by renal DMSA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Renin-Angiotensin System , Meningomyelocele/complications , Meningomyelocele/metabolism , Succimer/metabolism , Kidney
11.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 66(10): 1376-1382, Oct. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | SES-SP, LILACS | ID: biblio-1136148

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the scores of the Progress test, the Skills and Attitude test, and the medical internship are correlated with the medical residency exam performance of students who started medical school at the Federal University of São Paulo in 2009 METHODS: The scores of 684 Progress tests from years 1-6 of medical school, 111 Skills and Attitude exams (5th year), 228 performance coefficients for the 5th and 6th years of internship, and 211 scores on the medical residency exam were analyzed longitudinally. Correlations between scores were assessed by Pearson's correlation. Factors associated with medical residency scores were analyzed by linear regression. RESULTS: Scores of Progress tests from years 1-6 and the Skills and Attitude test showed at least one moderate and significant correlation with each other. The theoretical exam and final exam scores in the medical residency had a moderate correlation with performance in the internship. The score of the theoretical medical residency exam was associated with performance in internship year 6 (β=0.833; p<0.001), and the final medical residency exam score was associated with the Skills and Attitude score (β=0.587; p<0.001), 5th-year internship score, (β=0.060; p=0.025), and 6th-year Progress test score (β=0.038; p=0.061). CONCLUSIONS: The scores of these tests showed significant correlations. The medical residency exam scores were positively associated with the student's performance in the internship and on the Skills test, with a tendency for the final medical residency exam score to be associated with the 6th-year Progress test.


RESUMO OBJETIVO: Analisar a presença de correlação e associação entre as notas dos Testes de Progresso, provas de Habilidades e Atitudes e notas de desempenho no internato em relação às notas de Residência Médica (RM) de alunos ingressantes em 2009 no curso médico da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: análise longitudinal de 684 notas de Testes de Progresso do 1º ao 6º ano, 111 de Habilidades e Atitudes (5º ano), 228 coeficientes de rendimento do 5º e 6º anos e 211 notas da Prova de Residência Médica. Analisou-se a correlação de Pearson entre as notas e os fatores associados às notas da RM por regressão linear. RESULTADOS: Os Testes de Progresso do 1º ao 6º ano e Habilidades apresentaram pelo menos uma correlacao moderada e significante entre si. As notas da prova teorica e nota final da RM tiveram correlacao moderada com as notas de desempenho no internato. A nota teorica da Prova de RM se associou ao desempenho no internato no 6º ano (β=0,833; p<0,001) e nota final da Prova de RM se associou as notas da prova de Habilidades e Atitudes (β=0,587; p<0,001), desempenho no 5º ano (β=0,060, p=0,025) e Testes de Progresso do 6º ano (β=0,038; p=0,061). CONCLUSÕES: Houve correlacao significante entre as notas das diversas provas. A nota da prova de Residencia Medica se associou positivamente ao desempenho do aluno no internato e prova de Habilidades, com tendencia de associacao do Teste de Progresso do 6º ano com o desempenho final na prova de RM.


Subject(s)
Humans , Internship and Residency , Students , Clinical Competence , Educational Measurement
12.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 95(6): 696-704, Nov.-Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056663

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the carotid intima-media thickness and factors associated with cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease. Material and methods: Observational, cross-sectional study carried out at the Universidade Federal de São Paulo (chronic kidney disease outpatient clinics) with 55 patients (60% males) with a median age of 11.9 years (I25-I75: 9.2-14.8 years). Of the 55 patients, 43 were on conservative treatment and 12 were on dialysis. Serum laboratory parameters (creatinine, uric acid, C-reactive protein, total cholesterol and fractions, and triglycerides), nutritional status (z-score of body mass index, z-score of height/age), body fat (fat percentage and waist circumference), and blood pressure levels were evaluated. The carotid intima-media thickness measure was evaluated by a single ultrasonographer and compared with percentiles established according to gender and height. Data collection was performed between May 2015 and March 2016. Results: Of the children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease, 74.5% (95% CI: 61.0; 85.3) showed an increase (>P95) in carotid intima-media thickness. In patients with stages I and II hypertension, 90.9% had increased carotid intima-media thickness. Nutritional status, body fat and laboratory tests were not associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness. After multivariate adjustment, only puberty (PR = 1.30, p = 0.037) and stages I and II arterial hypertension (PR = 1.42, p = 0.011) were independently associated with carotid intima-media thickness alterations. Conclusion: The prevalence of increased carotid thickness was high in children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease. Puberty and arterial hypertension were independently associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a espessura médio-intimal da carótida e os fatores associados à doença cardiovascular em crianças e adolescentes com doença renal crônica. Material e métodos: Estudo observacional transversal feito na Universidade Federal de São Paulo (ambulatórios de doença renal crônica) com 55 pacientes (60% do sexo masculino) com mediana de 11,9 anos (I25-I75: 9,2-14,8). Dos 55 pacientes, 43 estavam em tratamento conservador e 12 em terapia dialítica. Foram avaliados os parâmetros laboratoriais séricos (creatinina, ácido úrico, proteína C-reativa, colesterol total e frações e triglicérides), estado nutricional (escore z de índice de massa corpórea, escore z de estatura/idade), gordura corporal (percentual de gordura e circunferência abdominal) e pressão arterial. A medida da espessura médio-intimal da carótida foi avaliada por um único ultrassonografista e comparada com percentis estabelecidos de acordo com o sexo e a estatura. A coleta de dados foi feita entre maio de 2015 e março de 2016. Resultados: Das crianças e adolescentes com doença renal crônica, 74,5% (IC 95%: 61,0; 85,3) apresentaram aumento (> P95) da espessura médio-intimal da carótida. Nos pacientes com hipertensão arterial estágios I e II, 90,9% apresentaram aumento da espessura médio-intimal da carótida. O estado nutricional, a gordura corporal e os exames laboratoriais não apresentaram associação com o aumento da espessura médio-intimal da carótida. Após ajuste multivariado, apenas a puberdade (RP = 1,30; p = 0,037) e a hipertensão arterial estágios I e II (RP = 1,42; p = 0,011) mostraram-se independentemente associados à alteração da espessura médio-intimal da carótida. Conclusão: A prevalência do aumento da espessura da carótida foi elevada em crianças e adolescentes com doença renal crônica. A puberdade e a hipertensão arterial mostraram-se independentemente associadas ao aumento da espessura médio-intimal da carótida.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Carotid Arteries/physiopathology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Carotid Intima-Media Thickness , Sexual Maturation , Blood Pressure , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Puberty , Hypertension/complications , Hypertension/physiopathology
13.
Adv Rheumatol ; 59: 21, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1088627

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: The Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP) or IgA vasculitis is the most common vasculitis of childhood and may occur with renal involvement, with hematuria and / or proteinuria, and may cause severe and non-reversible sequelae. Objectives: To establish the profile of patients with renal involvement due to IgA vasculitisand to describe our experience with the use of azathioprine to treat patients with nephritis. Methods: Clinical data were retrospectively collected from medical records of patients with IgA vasculitiswho attended the pediatric rheumatology unit between 1995 and 2017. Patients were separated into two groups based on whether or notthey weretreated with non-glucocorticoid immunosuppressants. Results: From the178 patients with IgA vasculitis, nephritis was found in67 patients (37.6%), 13 of whom receivedtreatment with non-glucocorticoid immunosuppressants. Ten patients responded well to azathioprine and 1 patient to cyclosporine. Forty patients received oral glucocorticoids, whilst 16received intravenous glucocorticoids. Conclusion: Azathioprine may be beneficial in the treatment of IgA vasculitis with renal involvement.


Subject(s)
Humans , IgA Vasculitis/physiopathology , Azathioprine/therapeutic use , Vasculitis/physiopathology , Nephritis/drug therapy , Health Profile
14.
Rev. Paul. Pediatr. (Ed. Port., Online) ; 36(2): 242-247, abr.-jun. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-957372

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: O raquitismo hipofosfatêmico precisa ser precocemente diagnosticado porque seu tratamento previne sequelas incapacitantes. Este relato alerta para a doença. Relato de caso: Relato de perfil metabólico, depuração de creatinina, estado nutricional e desenvolvimento pôndero-estatural de paciente com características clínico-laboratoriais de raquitismo hipofosfatêmico, atendido em ambulatório de tubulopatias por período de 12 meses. Chegou ao serviço após tempo prolongado acamado, dependente de ventilação mecânica e com perfil metabólico ósseo alterado. Terapêutica consistiu na administração de fósforo (inicial: 65 mg/kg/dia, final: 24,2 mg/kg/dia), cálcio (inicial: 127 mg/kg/dia, final: 48,4 mg/kg/dia) e calcitriol (inicial: 0,06 mcg/kg/dia, final: 0,03 mcg/kg/dia), e a análise constou da descrição das consultas, utilizando-se mediana de exames laboratoriais e dados antropométricos. Observou-se nítida melhora inicial do padrão respiratório do paciente, que evoluiu com ventilação espontânea e deambulação autônoma; com exames laboratoriais: cálcio (mg/dL) inicial 7,1, final 10,1; fósforo (mg/dL) inicial 1,7, final 3,2; magnésio (mg/dL) inicial 1,5, final 2,1; paratormônio (pg/L) inicial 85,8, final 52,7; fosfatase alcalina (UI/L) inicial 12660, final 938; e melhora do desenvolvimento pôndero-estatural (escore Z: E/I inicial: -6,05, final -3,64; P/I: inicial -2,92, final -1,57) com presença de litíase transitória. A depuração de creatinina (mL/min/1,73 m2sc) foi constante durante o seguimento. O tratamento propiciou benefícios clínicos, bioquímicos e nutricionais, mas, apesar da boa resposta inicial, a família abandonou o seguimento por dois anos, apresentando o paciente piora da deambulação e das deformidades esqueléticas. Comentários: Não apenas diagnóstico precoce é necessário, como também a adesão ao tratamento é fundamental para o sucesso na condução dessa patologia.


ABSTRACT Objective: Early diagnosis and immediate treatment of hypophosphatemic rickets is of utmost importance as it may prevent subsequent sequelae. This report aims at warning pediatricians to consider the presence of the disease. Case description: Description of the metabolic profile, creatinine clearance, nutritional status, weight and body structure of a patient who presented the clinical-laboratorial characteristics of hypophosphatemic rickets and was followed in an outpatient clinic for tubulopathies over the period of 12 months. The patient had been bedridden for some time, was dependent on mechanical ventilation and presented an altered metabolic bone condition. Treatment was phosphate (initial: 65 mg/kg/day and final: 24,2 mg/kg/day), calcium (initial: 127 mg/kg/day, final: 48,4 mg/kg/day) and calcitriol (initial: 0.06 mcg/kg/day, final: 0.03 mcg/kg/day). The patient improved, evolving into spontaneous breathing and walking unaided. Laboratory results: calcium (mg/dL) initial 7.1, final 10.1; phosphate (mg/dL) initial 1.7 final 3.2; magnesium (mg/dL) initial 1.5 final 2.1, parathyroid hormone (pg/l) initial 85.8, final 52.7, alkaline phosphatase (UI/l) initial 12660, final 938; there was also improvement in weight/structural development (Z score: H/A initial: -6.05, final -3.64; W/A: initial -2.92, final -1.57) with presence of transitory gallstones. Creatinine clearance (mL/min/1.73m2bsa) was constant. The medication improved his laboratory results and nutritional status, but the patient did not return for two years for follow-up and, during this period, his condition has noticeably deteriorated. Comments: Early diagnosis and follow-up are essential in dealing with this pathology.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Child , Rickets, Hypophosphatemic/diagnosis
15.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 48(10): e20180596, 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1044995

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphology of endothelial cells from different areas of the cornea of dogs. Twenty healthy eyes from 10 dogs, females or males, of different ages were studied. Corneal endothelium morphology of superior, inferior, central, nasal and temporal areas was assessed by 0.2% alizarin red staining using an optic microscope. One hundred endothelial cells from each corneal area were analyzed. In all areas of the cornea studied were found endothelial cells with four sides, five sides, six sides and seven sides. There was no significant difference regarding endothelial cell morphology in all corneal regions evaluated. Thus, the morphology of the central cornea area represents the entire endothelial mosaic and may be applied to peripheral areas. Therefore, analysis of the central area is sufficient to estimate the shape of endothelial cells of peripheral areas of healthy dog corneas.


RESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar a morfologia das células endoteliais de diferentes regiões da córnea de cães. Vinte olhos saudáveis de 10 cães, fêmeas ou machos, de diferentes idades foram estudados. A morfologia do endotélio corneano das regiões superior, inferior, central, nasal e temporal foi avaliada pela coloração vermelho de alizarina 0,2% com microscópio óptico. Foram analisadas 100 células endoteliais de cada região da córnea. Em todas as regiões da córnea estudadas foram encontradas células endoteliais com quatro lados, cinco lados, seis lados e sete lados. Não houve diferença significativa em relação à morfologia de células endoteliais da córnea em todos as regiões estudadas. Assim, a morfologia da região central da córnea representa todo o mosaico endotelial e pode ser aplicada em áreas periféricas. Portanto, a análise da área central é suficiente para estimar a forma das células endoteliais das áreas periféricas de córneas de cães saudáveis.

16.
Ciênc. rural ; 46(12): 2223-2228, Dec. 2016. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-797915

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphology of different regions of the equine cornea using optical microscopy. Both healthy eyes of eight horses, male or female, of different ages were evaluated. Corneas were stained with alizarin red vital dye and subsequently examined and photographed using optical microscopy. Corneal endothelial morphology of central, superior, inferior, temporal and nasal areas was assessed. One hundred endothelial cells from each corneal area were analyzed. The shape of the corneal endothelial cells of each corneal region was analyzed. Statistical data analysis was conducted using the Student's t test. Values of P<0.01 were considered significant. Regarding morphological analysis, no statistically significant differences were reported between the equine corneal regions analyzed. The present research suggested that there are no morphological differences between regions of the equine cornea. The values obtained in any region of the equine cornea can be extrapolated to other regions of the cornea and are representative of the cell morphology present in all regions of the cornea.


RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi o de avaliar a morfologia das diferentes regiões da córnea equina usando microscopia óptica. Foram avaliados ambos os olhos saudáveis ​​de oito equinos, machos ou fêmeas, de diferentes idades. As córneas foram coradas com corante vital vermelho de alizarina, examinadas com microscópio óptico e fotografadas. A morfologia endotélio corneano de áreas centrais, superior, inferior, temporal e nasal foi avaliada. Foram analisadas ​​células endoteliais da córnea de cada área. A forma das células endoteliais da córnea de cada região da córnea foi analisada. Análise estatística dos dados foi realizada por meio do teste t. Valores de P<0.01 foram considerados significativos. Em relação à análise morfológica estatisticamente significativa, não foram encontradas diferenças entre as regiões da córnea equina analisadas. O presente trabalho sugere que não houve diferença entre a morfologia das regiões da córnea de equino. Os valores obtidos em qualquer região da córnea equina podem ser extrapolados para outras regiões da córnea e são representativos da morfologia celular em todas as regiões da córnea.

17.
Ciênc. rural ; 46(8): 1486-1490, Aug. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-784215

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of the upper lip twitch restraint on intraocular pressure (IOP) of healthy horses. In this study, forty five Criollo horses, aged between two to 20 years (male or female) were evaluated with rebound tonometer, with and without upper lip twitch restraint. A previous ophthalmic examination was performed with Schirmer tear test, fluorescein test, slit lamp biomicroscopy and direct ophthalmoscopy in all horses. Only healthy animals with no ocular findings were used. The order of the IOP measurements (with or without twitch) and order of the eye (right or left) were randomized. Three measurements of each eye were made and the mean was calculated. Head position was kept above the heart level and no pressure was made over eyelids. At least 10 minutes passed between the evaluations of the same horse. Measurements were made between 3:30 and 5:30pm to avoid circadian fluctuation of intraocular pressure. Statistical analysis was performed with SAS 9.2 software. A Split plot factorial design was used where horses were considered blocks. The mean intraocular pressure values obtained with lip twitch restraint (34.68±6.47mmHg) were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those obtained without (29.35±4.08mmHg). There was no relevant statistical difference between right and left eyes. The restraint of horses with upper lip twitch increased equine intraocular pressure measured with the rebound tonometry.


RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da contenção pelo cachimbo na aferição da pressão intraocular em equinos hígidos. Neste trabalho, 45 cavalos Crioulos, com idade entre dois e 20 anos, machos ou fêmeas, foram avaliados utilizando tonometria de rebote, com e sem contenção, com cachimbo no lábio superior. Exame oftálmico prévio foi realizado, incluindo Teste Lacrimal de Schirmer, prova da fluoresceína, biomicroscopia com lâmpada de fenda e oftalmoscopia direta em todos os cavalos. Somente animais sadios com olhos hígidos foram utilizados. A ordem das tonometrias (com ou sem cachimbo) e a ordem dos olhos (direito e esquerdo) foram randomizadas. Três aferições de cada olho foram realizadas e a média calculada. A posição da cabeça dos cavalos foi mantida acima do nível do coração e nenhuma pressão foi feita sobre as pálpebras. Ao menos 10 minutos se passaram entre as aferições do mesmo cavalo. As medidas foram realizadas entre as 15h30min e 17h30min do mesmo dia, para evitar flutuações relacionadas ao ritmo circadiano da pressão intraocular. A análise estatística foi realizada com o programa SAS 9.2. Foi realizada análise de variância de parcela subdividida, onde o cavalo foi considerado bloco. A pressão intraocular média obtida com cachimbo (34,68±6,47mmHg) foi significativamente maior (P<0,05) que a obtida sem (29,35±4,08mmHg). Não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre olhos direito e esquerdo. A contenção de equinos com o cachimbo aumentou significativamente a pressão intraocular aferida com tonômetro de rebote.

18.
Rev. cir. traumatol. buco-maxilo-fac ; 15(3): 43-47, Jul.-Set. 2015. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-792394

ABSTRACT

O Tumor Odontogênico Ceratocístico (TOC), cuja prevalência varia entre 10% e 12% de todos os cistos e tumores odontogênicos, permanece uma entidade controversa e de opções de tratamento bastante variadas. As altas taxas de recidiva associadas tornam difícil a decisão sobre a abordagem terapêutica ideal. Em contraste com as opções terapêuticas agressivas, como a ressecção parcial, que, apesar de menor risco de recidiva, repercutem em déficits estéticos e funcionais extensos, atualmente ganham destaque as opções terapêuticas conservadoras, de fácil execução e morbidade mínima ao paciente. O objetivo deste artigo compreende discutir a viabilidade de emprego de técnica conservadora para abordagem de tais lesões mediante relato de caso clínico de extenso TOC em mandíbula... (AU)


The keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KOT), which prevalence ranges from 10% to 12% of all odontogenic cysts and tumors, remains a controversial pathology about treatment options. The high recurrence rates make it difficult to decide the optimal therapeutic approach. Aggressive treatment options such as partial resection are associated with lower risk of recurrence, but may cause extensive aesthetic and functional deficits. Conservative treatment options have shown up as definitive treatment with good results, simple technique and minimal patient morbidity. This paper discuss the feasibility of conservative technique usage for such kind ofpathology approach through a case report of extensive mandibular KOT... (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Maxillary Neoplasms , Odontogenic Cysts , Odontogenic Tumors , Conservative Treatment , Mandible/surgery
19.
Rev. paul. pediatr ; 29(2): 146-151, June 2011. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-593992

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: A síndrome de Bartter é uma doença rara, porém uma das mais frequentes condições congênitas perdedoras de cloro. Este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar a evolução de dez pacientes com a síndrome. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, descritivo, realizado pela análise de prontuários médicos relatando o perfil metabólico, a depuração de creatinina, o estado nutricional e pôndero-estatural de dez pacientes atendidos no Serviço de Nefrologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo com características clínico-laboratoriais da síndrome de Bartter, seguidos por um período médio de 43 meses (3-76 meses). Durante o acompanhamento, o tratamento consistiu na administração de suplemento de potássio (100 por cento), magnésio (60 por cento), anti-inflamatórios não hormonais (90 por cento), inibidores de enzima conversora de angiotensina (40 por cento) e espironolactona (50 por cento). A análise estatística constou da comparação dos dados da primeira e da última consulta, utilizando-se o teste de Wilcoxon. RESULTADOSs: Observou-se melhora dos valores absolutos dos itens avaliados e do desenvolvimento pôndero-estatural com a terapêutica empregada, porém apenas a calemia [mediana inicial 3,05mEqL e final 3,25mEqL (p=0,01)] e o escore Z de peso idade [mediana inicial -2,47 e final -1,35 (p=0,02)] apresentaram melhora significante. Dos dez pacientes estudados, dois apresentavam diminuição da depuração de creatinina com doença renal crônica estágio 2 no final do acompanhamento (ambos tinham iniciado o acompanhamento com depuração renal comprometida). CONCLUSÕES: Há necessidade da instituição terapêutica precoce para melhorar os níveis séricos dos eletrólitos e o estado nutricional dos pacientes acometidos, sem comprometer a depuração de creatinina.


OBJECTIVE: Bartter's syndrome is one of the most important inherited diseases that cause chloride leak. The objective of this study was to report the follow-up of ten patients with the syndrome. METHODS: This observational study was based on the review of medical charts reporting the metabolic features, creatinine clearance, nutritional and anthropometric assessment of ten patients with Bartter's syndrome followed at the Nephrology Service of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, in their first and last medical appointments, after a mean follow-up period of 43 months (3-76 months). During the follow-up, the management included the administration of potassium (100 percent) and magnesium (60 percent) supplements, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (90 percent), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (40 percent) and spironolactone (50 percent). Statistical analysis was performed comparing the results of first versus last clinical appointment by non-parametric Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: Improvement of serum electrolytes and statural growth after the treatment was observed but only serum potassium [3.05mEq/L versus 3.25 mEq/L (p=0.01)] and weigh-for-age Z-score [initial median -2.47 versus -1.35 (p=0.02)] improved significantly. Out of the ten patients studied, two presented decrease of creatinine clearance with chronic kidney disease at stage 2 at the end of the follow-up. These patients had already started the follow-up with decreased creatinine clearance. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need of early treatment of patients with Bartter's syndrome in order to improve their electrolytes and nutritional condition without compromising the creatinine clearance.


OBJETIVO: El síndrome de Bartter (SB) es una enfermedad rara, pero una de las más frecuentes condiciones congénitas perdedoras de cloro. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo relatar la evolución de diez pacientes con SB. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, obtenido mediante análisis de prontuarios médicos. Relata el perfil metabólico, la depuración de creatinina, el estado nutricio-nal y ponderoestatural de los diez pacientes atendidos en el ambulatorio de Tubulopatías de Universidade Federal de São Paulo con características clínico-laboratoriales de SB, seguidos por un periodo mediano de 43 meses (3-76 meses). Durante el seguimiento se practicó protocolo de tratamiento que consistió en la administración de suplemento de potasio (100 por ciento), magnesio (60 por ciento), anti-inflamatorios no hormonales (90 por ciento), inhibidores de enzima convertidora de angiotensina (40 por ciento) y espironolactona (50 por ciento). Se consideraron criterios de exclusión la presencia de alteraciones séricas y urinarias no compatibles con SB. El análisis estadístico constó de la comparación de datos de la primera y la última consulta, utilizándose la prueba de Wilcoxon. RESULTADOS: Se observó mejora numérica de los valores absolutos de los ítems evaluados y del desarrollo ponderoestatural con la terapéutica utilizada, pero solamente la calemia [mediana inicial 3,05mEq/L y final 3,25mEq/L (p=0,01)] y el escore Z de peso/edad [mediana inicial -2,47 y final 1,35 (p=0,02)] presentaron mejora significante. De los 10 pacien-tes estudiados, dos presentaban reducción de la depuración de creatinina con enfermedad renal crónica etapa 2 y en el final del seguimiento (ambos habían iniciado el seguimiento con depuración renal comprometida). CONCLUSIONES: Los datos enfatizan la necesidad de la ins-titución terapéutica precoz para mejorar los niveles séricos de los electrólitos y el estado nutricional, sin comprometer la depuración de creatinina.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Developmental Disabilities , Clinical Evolution , Failure to Thrive , Bartter Syndrome , Alkalosis/metabolism
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