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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 40(1): 57-61, feb. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385583

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: Previous evidence indicates that body fat can distinguish Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) athletes according to the competitive level. However, propositions of cut-off points for establishing classifications of body fat percentage for combat sports athletes and, specifically, for BJJ athletes are still incipient in the literature. In this sense, the main aim of the present study was to establish a normative table for the classification of body fat percentage in BJJ athletes. As a secondary aim, athletes were compared according to competitive level. Ninety male BJJ athletes (aged: 29.0 ± 8.2 years; practice time: 6.0 ± 2.1 years; body mass: 82.1 ± 12.7 kg; height: 175.9 ± 6.5 cm; fat mass: 16.0 ± 8.9 kg; bone mineral content: 3.7 ± 0.6 kg; muscle mass: 37.9 ± 5.4 kg; body fat percentage: 17.3 ± 6.8 %; basal metabolic rate: 1811.4 ± 193.4 kcal) from different competitive levels: state (n= 42), national (n= 26) and international (n= 22) took part in this study. All athletes had their body composition measured via tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance. Percentiles p10, p25, p50, p75, and p90 were used to establish the classification. As a result, the following classification was obtained: <7.7 % (very low); ≥7.7-11.5 % (low); 11.6-17.0 % (medium); 17.1-24.0 % (high) and ≥24.1 % (very high). State-level athletes had a higher fat percentage than national and international-level athletes (p<0.05). The proposed cut-off points can help professionals responsible for sports training and nutritional prescription in monitoring the body fat of BJJ athletes.


RESUMEN: La grasa corporal puede distinguir a los atletas de jiu-jitsu brasileño (BJJ) según el nivel competitivo. Sin embargo, las propuestas de puntos de corte para establecer clasificaciones de porcentaje de grasa corporal para deportistas de deportes de combate y, específicamente, para deportistas de BJJ son aún incipientes en la literatura. En este sentido, el objetivo principal del presente estudio fue establecer una tabla normativa para la clasificación del porcentaje de grasa corporal en atletas de BJJ. Secundariamente, comparar a los deportistas según el nivel competitivo. Participaron noventa atletas masculinos de BJJ (edad: 29,0 ± 8,2 años; tiempo de práctica: 6,0 ± 2,1 años; masa corporal: 82,1 ± 12,7 kg; estatura: 175,9 ± 6,5 cm; masa adiposa: 16,0 ± 8,9 kg; contenido mineral óseo: 3,7 ± 0,6 kg; masa muscular: 37,9 ± 5,4 kg; porcentaje de grasa corporal: 17,3 ± 6,8 %; tasa metabólica basal: 1811,4 ± 193,4 kcal) de diferentes niveles competitivos: estatal (n= 42), nacional (n= 26) e internacional (n= 22). Se evaluó la composición corporal a través de bioimpedancia tetrapolar. Para establecer la clasificación se utilizaron los percentiles p10, p25, p50, p75 y p90. Como resultado se obtuvo la siguiente clasificación: <7,7 % (muy bajo); ≥7,7-11,5 % (bajo); 11,6-17,0 % (medio); 17,1-24,0 % (alto) y ≥24,1 % (muy alto). Los atletas de nivel estatal tenían un porcentaje de grasa corporal más alto respecto a los atletas de nivel nacional e internacional (p <0.05). Los puntos de corte propuestos pueden ser útiles para monitorizar la grasa corporal de los atletas de BJJ.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Young Adult , Adipose Tissue/anatomy & histology , Martial Arts , Body Composition , Cross-Sectional Studies , Athletic Performance
2.
J. health sci. (Londrina) ; 23(3): 199-207, 20210920.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1292762

ABSTRACT

The saliva analysis by Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence (TXRF) for monitoring training loads could be useful due to the ease of sample analysis and a large range of chemical elements can be detected. Twelve BJJ athletes were submitted to 7 weeks of training scheduled with high training loads (weeks 1 to 4) and tapering (weeks 5 to 7). Saliva samples were collected before (Pre), at week 4, and at week 8 (Post), to quantify chemical element concentrations by TXRF. The internal training load was monitored using the session rating of perceived exertion of session (RPE) method for physical and technical tactical training sessions. All the saliva samples presented Phosphorus (P), Sulfur (S), Chlorine (Cl), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Zinc (Zn), Bromine (Br), and Rubidium (Rb) at Pre, 4 weeks and Post time points. Salivary concentrations of Cl, K, Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu), Br, and Rb significantly decreased in 4 weeks (p<0.05); and K, Cu, and Rb concentration remained at low levels at Post (p<0.05). Medium to large Cohen´s effect sizes for decrements in element concentrations from Pre to 4 weeks was observed for all the elements except Zn. Reduced S concentration at 4 weeks was negatively correlated to high training load period (r=-0.56, p=0.05). The results suggest that BJJ training modulates salivary electrolyte composition and salivary P, S and Rb are correlated with training loads in BJJ athletes. (AU)


A análise de saliva por meio de Fluorescência de Raios-X de Reflexão Total (TXRF) para monitorar cargas de treinamento pode ser útil devido à facilidade de análise da amostra e a ampla variedade de elementos químicos detectados. Doze atletas de BJJ foram submetidos a 7 semanas de treinamento programado com altas cargas de treinamento (semanas 1 a 4) e polimento (semanas 5 a 7). Amostras de saliva foram coletadas antes (Pré), na semana 4 (Meio) e na semana 8 (Pós), para quantificar as concentrações dos elementos químicos por TXRF. A carga interna de treinamento foi monitorada por meio do método de percepção subjetiva de esforço da sessão (PSE) nas sessões de treinamento físico e técnico-tático. Todas as amostras de saliva apresentaram Fósforo (P), Enxofre (S), Cloro (Cl), Potássio (K), Cálcio (Ca), Zinco (Zn), Bromo (Br) e Rubídio (Rb) no momento Pré, 4 semanas e Pós. As concentrações salivares de Cl, K, Manganês (Mn), Cobre (Cu), Br e Rb diminuíram significativamente em 4 semanas (p <0,05); e a concentração de K, Cu e Rb permaneceram em níveis baixos no Pós (p <0,05). Os tamanhos de efeito de Cohen médio a grande para decréscimos nas concentrações de elementos, de Pré a 4 semanas, foram observados para todos os elementos, exceto para Zn. A redução da concentração de S em 4 semanas foi negativamente correlacionada com o período de alta carga de treinamento (r = -0,56, p = 0,05). Os resultados sugerem que o treinamento de BJJ modula a composição eletrolítica salivar e o P, S e Rb salivares estão correlacionados com as cargas de treinamento no BJJ. (AU)

3.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 32(4): 418-427, July-Aug. 2019. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012337

ABSTRACT

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a highly prevalent problem that affects the quality of life, prognosis and survival of patients with heart failure (HF). In the management of ED, physical exercise is a therapeutic strategy that reduces disease-related symptoms and optimizes drug use. However, the repercussions of physical exercise on ED in individuals with HF still need to be elucidated. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of physical exercise on erectile function (EF) in HF patients. This was a systematic review conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Patients with HF, male and ejection fraction ≤ 45% were submitted to physical exercise of different modalities. The search for scientific articles was conducted in the electronic databases (PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane-Library, Science Direct) from the inception until October 2018, according to the MeSH dictionary descriptors, which were suitable for all databases. Results: Three studies were analyzed, includinng 99 male subjects, age ranging from 53 years (± 7.48) to 58 years (± 12). Seventy subjects were submitted to a physical exercise program and 29 were in the control group. In all studies, physical exercise showed positive results in the management of ED regardless of erectile dysfunction (ED) classification status and intensity of exercise used. It was concluded that physical exercise of different intensities was considered an effective therapeutic intervention to improve EF in individuals with HF and ED


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Exercise , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Erectile Dysfunction , Quality of Life , Stroke Volume , Aged , Cardiovascular Diseases , Physical Fitness , Drug Therapy
4.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 35(2): 283-291, abr.- jun. 2013. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-859542

ABSTRACT

Anabolic steroids have been constantly used among athletes and physically active individuals. Adverse effects of such use are reported in the literature. However, little is known about the effects of anabolic steroid use associated with strength training. Thus, this research aimed to identify possible morphophysiological alterations in Wistar rats treated with the anabolic steroid nandrolone decanoate and submitted to strength training. Twenty Wistar rats were divided in four groups: sedentary control (SC), sedentary hormone (SH), trained control (TC) and trained hormone (TH). After the experimental protocol period, animals were killed and body weight, adiposity, renal and hepatic injury markers, plasmatic lipid profile, glycemia, and insulinemia were determined. The experimental conditions strength training and nandrolone decanoate (isolated or associated) were positively correlated to a reduction on visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The association of strength training with nandrolone decanoate was the most effective condition to increase muscle mass. Heart and kidneys weights, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration were also negatively modified. The data demonstrated effects of anabolic steroids in body composition, with better results when associated with strength training, but collateral effects were observed.


Os esteróides anabólicos são usados indiscriminadamente entre atletas e praticantes de atividades físicas sendo que os efeitos adversos desse uso constam na literatura. Contudo, pouco se sabe dos efeitos do uso de esteróides anabólicos associados ao treinamento de força. Assim, este estudo objetivou identificar possíveis alterações morfofisiológicas em ratos Wistar tratados com decanoato de nandrolona e submetidos ao treinamento de força. Para atingir tal propósito, vinte ratos Wistar foram divididos em quatro grupos: sedentário controle (SC), sedentário hormônio (SH), treinado controle (TC) e treinado hormônio (TH). Após o período experimental, foram analisados o peso corporal, a adiposidade, marcadores de lesões hepáticas e renais, o perfil lipídico, a glicemia e a insulinemia. Foram observados efeitos do treinamento de força e do uso de decanoato de nandrolona (isolados ou associados) nos tecidos adiposos viscerais e subcutâneo. A associação de treinamento de força e uso de decanoato de nandrolona foi mais efetiva para aumentar a massa muscular. Os pesos dos rins e coração, e concentrações de aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL) foram negativamente modificados. Os dados demonstram efeitos do esteróide anabólico sobre a composição corporal, com melhores resultados obtidos com a associação ao treinamento de força, contudo efeitos colaterais foram observados.


Subject(s)
Rats , Anabolic Agents , Exercise , Muscle Strength
5.
Rev. educ. fis ; 24(1): 121-134, Jan.-Mar. 2013. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-701499

ABSTRACT

O estudo investigou as alterações morfofuncionais da suplementação do Ácido Linoleico Congugado CLA em animais obesos treinados e sedentários alimentados com dieta de cafeteria. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar, aleatoriamente divididos em quatro grupos: sedentário controle (SCON), sedentário tratado com CLA (SCLA), treinado controle (TCON) e treinado tratado com CLA (TCLA). Todos os grupos receberam dieta de cafeteria e os grupos SCLA e TCLA foram tratados com CLA a 0,5% da dieta, cinco vezes/semana durante dois meses via gavagem. Os grupos TCLA e TCON foram submetidos a treinamento aeróbio, cinco vezes/semana, durante dois meses. A suplementação de CLA, isolada ou combinada ao treinamento físico, não resultou em diminuição da massa corporal dos animais, embora ambas as intervenções propiciassem diminuição dos coxins subcutâneos de gordura (SCLA, TCON e TCLA vs SCON, p<0,05). O grupo TCLA melhorou a resposta à insulina ainda que a glicemia em jejum não tenha apresentado diferença entre os grupos. Os níveis de triglicerídeos mostraram-se aumentados nos animais suplementados com CLA (SCLA e TCLA vs SCON e TCON, p<0,05) e as concentrações plasmáticas de colesteróis e marcadores de lesões hepática não diferiram entre os grupos. Contudo, os animais que fizeram uso de CLA apresentaram maior infiltração de lipídeos no fígado. O estudo contribui para o entendimento da ação do CLA combinado ou não ao exercício físico associado à dieta de cafeteria no controle da obesidade. No entanto, a extrapolação dos resultados para seres humanos ainda deve ser visto com cautela.


This study investigated the morphofunctional changes of CLA supplementation in trained and sedentary obese animals fed a cafeteria diet. Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary control (SCON), sedentary treated with CLA (SCLA), trained control (TCON) and trained treated with CLA (TCLA). All groups received the cafeteria diet and SCLA and TCLA groups were treated at a proportion of 0.5% from intake food, 5 times a week for 2 months via gavage. TCON and TCLA groups were subjected to an aerobic exercise training program, 5 times a week for 2 months. CLA supplementation, alone or combined with physical training did not lead to reduced body weight of animals, although both interventions have led to reduction of subcutaneous fat pads (SCLA, TCLA vs SCON and TCON, p <0.05). The TCLA group showed an enhanced insulin response even when fasting blood glucose remained unchanged between the groups. Triglyceride levels were higher in animals supplemented with CLA (SCLA and TCLA vs SCON, p <0.05) but total cholesterol and markers of liver injury were not different between the groups. However, animals that were treated with CLA showed increased lipid infiltration in the liver. The present study contributes to the understanding of CLA action combined or not to exercises associated with the cafeteria diet to control obesity. However, the extrapolations of results to human need to be confirmed in future studies.

6.
Rev. bras. med. esporte ; 18(1): 46-50, jan.-fev. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-624785

ABSTRACT

Atletas de diversas modalidades esportivas categorizadas pela massa corporal a reduzem para se enquadrarem em categorias inferiores. Essas reduções podem comprometer o desempenho e a saúde dos atletas. Para a determinação da categoria mais adequada é de suma importância o conhecimento da composição corporal, para que se evite a redução excessiva. Desta forma, o presente estudo buscou analisar o perfil morfológico de atletas de elite de Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. A amostra constitui-se de 11 atletas com 25,8 ± 3,3 anos, medalhistas em competições de nível nacional e/ou internacional. Realizou-se análise antropométrica para determinação de composição corporal e somatotipo. Observou-se percentual de gordura (10,3 ± 2,6%) dentro das indicações para esta população, alto percentual de massa muscular (61,3 ± 1,5%), assim como componente mesomórfico predominante (5,5 ± 1,0). Os pontos de maior e menor acúmulo de gordura foram as regiões abdominal (15,7 ± 6,3mm) e peitoral (6,8 ± 1,5mm), respectivamente. Conclui-se que atletas desta modalidade em período preparatório apresentam peso superior ao peso competitivo (4,4 ± 2,4%), embora apresentem níveis de massa gorda dentro das recomendações, alto percentual de massa muscular e componente mesomórfico predominante.


Athletes from many sports that are categorized by body mass tend to reduce it to fit in lower categories. Such reduction can compromise the athlete's performance and health. In order to determine the most appropriate category, the body composition is highly relevant, especially to avoid excessive reduction. Thus, this study analyzed the morphological profile of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu elite athletes. The sample was composed of 11 athletes, aged 25.8 ± 3.3 years, medalists in national and/or international competitions. The analysis was performed to determine the anthropometric body composition and somatotype. Body fat score from this population was 10.3 ± 2.6 % fat, a high percentage of muscle mass (61.3 ± 1.5 %), and predominant mesomorphic component (5.5 ± 1.0) was observed. The points of highest and lowest fat accumulation were respectively abdominal (15.7 ± 6.3 mm) and chest (6.8 ± 1.5 mm) regions. It can be concluded that athletes from this sport showed higher body mass during the preparatory period than in competitive conditions (4.4 ± 2.4 %); however, they showed low body fat, high muscle mass percentage and predominant mesomorphic component.

7.
Acta sci., Health sci ; 34(1): 31-38, jan.-jun. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1333

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as características morfofuncionais de usuários de Academias da Terceira Idade (ATIs) na cidade de Maringá, Estado do Paraná. O estudo contou com 86 indivíduos (28 homens (67,8 ± 5,4 anos) e 58 mulheres (67,6 ± 6,0 anos)). Os parâmetros morfofuncionais foram divididos em antropométricos (Índice de Massa Corporal - IMC e a Relação Cintura-Quadril - RCQ) e funcionais (níveis pressóricos - PA). Foi usada a estatística descritiva para tratamento dos dados. Em relação ao estado nutricional, homens apresentaram valores maiores de IMC em comparação às mulheres. Quanto à distribuição regional de gordura, as mulheres apresentaram RCQ mais alto quando separados pelos diferentes estratos, embora em valores absolutos a média masculina tenha sido maior. Quanto a PA, homens mostraram tendência de valores mais elevados, mas ambos os gêneros tiveram reduções nos valores de PA na reavaliação, especialmente as mulheres. É possível concluir que o período de três a seis meses de prática nas ATIs não foi capaz de produzir mudanças significativas nos parâmetros morfológicos de indivíduos acima de 60 anos, independente do gênero. Modificações na função cardiovascular sinalizam importantes reduções nos níveis pressóricos, indicando que a prescrição individualizada e a regularidade de atividade física são essenciais para a obtenção de melhoras mais expressivas.


The objective of the study was to analyze the morphofunctional characteristics from users of Third Age Fitness Centers (TAFC) in the city of Maringá, Parana State. The study involved 86 individuals ­ 28 men (67.8 ± 5.4 years of age old) and 58 women (67.6 ± 6.0 years old). The morphofunctional parameters were divided into anthropometric (Body Mass Index ­ BMI and Waist-Hip Ratio ­ WHR) and functional (blood pressure ­ BP). The method used for data processing was descriptive statistics. With regard to nutritional status, men showed higher BMI values compared to women. As for regional body fat distribution, women had higher WHR when separated by different strata, although in absolute values the male average was higher. As for BP, men showed a trend for higher values, but both genders had reductions in BP values in the reassessment, especially women. We can conclude that the three to six-month period of practice at ATA was not able to produce significant changes in the morphologic parameters of individuals over 60 years of age old, regardless of gender. Changes in cardiovascular function indicate important reductions in blood pressure levels, indicating that individualized prescription and regular physical activity are essentials to achieving most significant improvements.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Exercise , Body Mass Index , Fitness Centers , Arterial Pressure
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