Study of Posterior Division of Internal Iliac Artery.

Background: The internal iliac artery originates from the common iliac artery at the level of sacroiliac joint. The internal iliac artery descends posterior to the greater sciatic foramen thereby dividing into anterior and posterior divisions. The posterior division of the internal iliac artery is known to give rise to three main branches i.e. iliolumbar artery, lateral sacral artery. Accidental haemorrhage is common during erroneous interpretation of anomalous blood vessels. The knowledge of the normal and the abnormal anatomy of the branches of the internal iliac artery is essential for obstetric surgeons. Methods: 50 adult human pelvic halves were procured from embalmed cadavers of J.J.M. Medical College and S.S.I.M.S & R.C, Davangere, Karnataka, India for the study. Results: Out of 50 specimens, ilio-lumbar artery took origin from posterior division, directly in 22 specimens (44%), with obturator artery in 5 specimens (10%) and with superior gluteal artery in 2 specimens (4%). From anterior division, with obturator artery in 6 specimens (12%) and with inferior gluteal artery in 1 specimen (2%). From common trunk, as direct branch in 10 specimens (20%), with lateral sacral artery in 1 specimen (2%), with vertebral branch in 1 specimen (2%), with superior gluteal artery in 1 specimen (2%) and was found to be absent in 1 specimen (2%). Posterior division of internal iliac artery given origin directly to superior gluteal artery in 44 specimens (88%), with ilio-lumbar artery in 1 specimen (2%), with obturator artery in 2 specimens (4%). Lateral sacral artery from posterior division was observed in 38 specimens (76%) and unpaired origin was observed in 7 specimens (14%). Conclusion: Internal iliac artery supplies the pelvic viscera and musculature the knowledge of its branches helpful in pelvis surgeries.

Study of Variations In Anterior Division of Internal Iliac Artery.

Background: The internal iliac artery is the chief pelvic artery. It supplies to the all pelvic viscera, musculoskeletal part of the pelvis. The branches of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery are the superior and inferior vesical, middle rectal, vaginal, obturator, uterine, internal pudendal and inferior gluteal. Knowledge of internal iliac artery is very helpful in pelvic surgery practice. Methods: 50 adult human pelvic halves were procured from embalmed cadavers of J.J.M. Medical College and S.S.I.M.S & R.C, Davangere, Karnataka, India for the study. Results: Middle rectal artery took origin from anterior division in 42 specimens (84%), most frequently with internal pudendal artery in 32 specimens (64%) and was found to be absent in 8 specimens (16%). The obturator artery took origin most frequently from the anterior division of Internal iliac artery in 36 specimens (72%), from posterior division in 9 specimens (18%), from external iliac artery in 1 specimen (2%) and from inferior epigastric artery in 3 specimens (6%). The superior vesical artery, inferior vesical artery, uterine artery, vaginal artery and superior gluteal artery were found to be constant in their origin and course. Conclusions : The branches anterior division of internal iliac artery shows multiple variations, knowledge about these variation are helpful in pelvic surgeries.

Morphological Study of Internal Iliac Artery.

Background: The internal iliac artery is the “artery of the pelvis”. It supplies most of the blood to the pelvic viscera, gluteal region, medial thigh region and perineum. A severe and potentially lethal complication in pelvic surgeries is arterial bleeding commonly involving the branches of internal iliac artery. While operating on pelvic organs, the knowledge of internal iliac artery and its variations is important for surgeons. The present study was conducted to study of morphology of internal iliac artery. Methods: 50 adult human pelvic halves were procured from embalmed cadavers of J.J.M. Medical College and S.S.I.M.S & R.C, Davangere, Karnataka, India for the study. Results: The classification of branching pattern of internal iliac artery was based on modified Adachi classification. Out of the 50 specimens studied, Type Ia arrangement was found in 52% of the specimens, Type III in 34%, Type IIa and type V was found in 2% each, Type IV was not found in any of the specimens and 10% of the specimens could not be classified because of the absence of inferior gluteal artery in them. Adachi Type Ia arrangement was the most frequent finding. The obturator artery took origin most frequently from the anterior division of internal iliac artery. Middle rectal artery was not constant. Conclusion: The internal iliac artery morphology shows multiple variation the knowledge is very helpful during pelvic surgeries.

Morphological Study of Obturator Artery.

Background: The obturator artery normally arises from the anterior trunk of internal iliac artery. High frequency of variations in its origin and course has drawn attention of pelvic surgeons, anatomists and radiologists. Normally, artery inclines anteroinferiorly on the lateral pelvic wall to the upper part of obturator foramen. The obturator artery may origin individually or with the iliolumbar or the superior gluteal branch of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery. However, the literature contains many articles that report variable origins. Interesting variations in the origin and course of the principal arteries have long attracted the attention of anatomists and surgeons. Methods: 50 adult human pelvic halves were procured from embalmed cadavers of J.J.M. Medical College and S.S.I.M.S & R.C, Davangere, Karnataka, India for the study. Results: The obturator artery presents considerable variation in its origin. It took origin most frequently from the anterior division of internal iliac artery in 36 specimens (72%). Out of which, directly from anterior division in 20 specimens (40%), with ilio-lumbar artery in 5 specimens (10%), with inferior gluteal artery in 3 specimens (6%), with inferior vesical artery in 2 specimens (4%), with middle rectal artery in 1 specimen (2%), with internal pudendal artery in 4 specimens (8%) and with uterine artery in 1 specimen (2%). The obturator artery took origin from the posterior division of internal iliac artery in 9 specimens (18%), from external iliac artery in 1 specimen (2%), from inferior epigastric artery in 3 specimens (6%) and was found to be absent in 1 specimen (2%).