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Аbstract@#Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains one of the most important disorders associated with disability and mortality worldwide, and is one of the major causes of cardiovascular diseases in Mongolia. The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence of IHD and its related factors in a general population in Mongolia.</br> We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional survey between March and September, 2009. General participants were recruited from urban to rural regions in a multistage random cluster sampling method. The diagnosis of IHD was based on the Rose questionnaire and electrocardiographic findings. A total of 369 (16.2%) subjects with IHD were diagnosed among 2280 participants. The prevalence of subjects with IHD was significantly increased by age: from 9.9% in individuals age 40-44 years compared to 17.7% in those over 60 years. Smoking habits (former and current) and non-frequent intake of fruits and vegetables were significantly positively associated with IHD in men, while heavy alcohol drinking habits and lower education period of time were significantly positively associated with IHD in women. </br> IHD was found to be prevalent, especially among people aged over 40 years, in Mongolia. Statistical factors related to IHD were found to be significantly different based on sex. The current data may provide relevant information to prevent IHD in the Mongolian population.
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BACKGROUNDAir pollution issue has become the largest problem of Ulaanbaatar city in the last decade affecting health and wellbeing of its citizens. Air pollution levels are increasing considerably in winter as a result of coal burning by city dwellers living in ger areas. Our study purpose was to survey the impact of air pollution on infant health of Ulaanbaatar city in 2012.METHODSData of 7484 on births at Khan-Uul and Sukhbaatar districts residence mothers and infants of Ulaanbaatar city from 2012 and corresponding daily air pollution level data (CO, NO2, SO2 and PM10) from the Ulaanbaatar city air quality monitoring stations were used.RESULTSAir pollution levels in Ulaanbaatar city significantly affect birth outcomes. Exposure to high levels of СО2 of during the third trimester of pregnancy reduces newborn’s weight. Exposure to NO2 is not influencing to newborn’s weight. Mothers who lived in more polluted area during pregnancy period more likely had baby reduced weight in 44 grams.
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Over the last decade a large number of studies have investigated the possible adverse effects of ambient air pollution on birth outcomes. For preterm births the evidence as yet is insufficient to their infer causality. Our study goal was to study the associations between air pollution exposures during pregnancy and preterm birth for a 6 years period (January 2008 through December 31, 2013) in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. We used a logistic regression adjusting for gestational age, parental education level, parity and infant age. The preterm birth varied with maternal age, maternal education level, maternal pregnancy order and season after adjusting covariates. Young maternal age, maternal less education level, early and older birth order, spring season, not married status and higher number of pregnancy order t are risk factors for low birth weight. The correlation of preterm birth and air pollution was observed in the second and the third trimester of pregnancy. The preterm birth rates were associated with the average of combined air pollutants concentrations such us PM10, NO2 and SO2 in the preceding 6 weeks.
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Introduction: The World Health Organization describes poor adherence as the most important cause of uncontrolled blood pressure and estimates that 50–70% of people do not take their antihypertensive medication as prescribed.Goal was to measure non-adherence to antihypertensive therapy in a representative sample of the hypertensive Mongolian population and to define the factors associated with non-adherence in the studied population.Materials and Methods:This descriptive study was a questionnaire-based cross sectional analysis. A simple random sample of 735 hypertensive patients, aged 35-64 years was selected. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics and awareness about hypertension and anti-hypertensive treatment, and factors that encouraged or discouraged the patient’s drug taking behavior. Adherence was assessed using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS), with a 4-item questionnaire. Blood pressure was measured twice by the physicians using aneroid sphygmomanometers and stethoscopes. Results and Discussion: The study sample consisted of 265 men (36.1%) and 470 women (63.9%). The mean age of participants was 53.8 ± 8.7 years. The non adherence to medical treatment found in the our study was 68.3% of hypertensive patients. We found younger age (35-44), low family income, not having a regular doctor towards hypertension control, behaviour not taking drug regularly, monotherapy and lack of patient’s knowledge to be the significantly factors influencing on non-adherence to anti-hypertensive medication among Mongolian hypertensive population. The non adherence to antihypertensive treatment found in the current study was higher than that of 25.9%-55.8% found in the study done in Malaysia, Pakistan and Egypt and lower than what a study in the Bangladesh , India and Brazil (74.2%-90.0%)population.Conclusion: The level of adherence to treatment among the participants in this study seriously needs to be improved through well designed health promotion and education strategies in order to prevent poor treatment outcomes.
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Background: Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in female reproductive system. Since introduction of diagnostic modalities like Pap-tests, the detection pre-cancerous cervical lesions CIN1, CIN2 and CIN3 have increased dramatically. Early detection of pre-cancerous lesions enables performance of organ sparing treatments like LEEP, conization and cryotherapy.Aim: Since there are no studies in the field of organ sparing treatment of cervical cancer, we decided analyze the results of such treatments and calculate the:1. Five year survival of patients underwent organ sparing surgical procedures2. Fertility and reproductive function of these patientsMethod: LEEP (n-63), knife conization (n-22) and trachelectomy (total removal of cervix) (n-15) was performed in women of reproductive age (25-35 years old) at National Cancer Center. The treatment results were followed for 5 years and statistical analysis of survival and reproductive function were analyzed.Results: 87.7% of patients with CINI lesions had LEEP, 12.3 % had knife conization and 0% had trachelectomy. 44.4% of patients with CINI lesions had LEEP, 55.6 % had knife conization and 0% had trachelectomies respectively. For CINIII 6.2% of patients had LEEP, 0% had knife conization and 93% had trachelectomy.We performed organ sparing treatment in 100 patients, out of which 10% had cancer recurrence in LEEP treatment, 9.1% in knife conization and 0% in trachelectomy. Complications of hemorrhage were observed in 14% of patients, cervical tube obstruction in 3% and deterioration of chronic inflammations in 13% respectively. After the organ sparing treatment, menstrual cycle was normal in 75% of the all patients, 65% reached pregnancy. 9.2% of patients who reached pregnancy had stillbirth, 12.3% had abortion, and 78.5% had normal delivery. 80.4% of patients with pregnancy had natural labors, while19.6% of patients had ceasarean sections respectively. Conclusion: in Mongolia, LEEP, knife conization and trachelectomy methods are used since 2000. But the treatment results were not reported so far. 10% of patients treated by LEEP and 9.1% of patients treated by knife conization had tumor recurrence. Thus our treatment efficiency is above 90%. Up to 20% of patients had complications ranging from bleeding to cervical tube obstruction. We conclude that organ sparing cancer treatment allows better QOL (quality of life) for the patients and provides opportunity to have children.