Diagnostic efficacy of deeper sections in routine oral histopathology practice: a retrospective study

Statement of the Problem: Histopathology is a gold standard diagnostic tool for oral lesions. Nonspecific and overlapping microscopic features often pose diagnostic challenges in routine practice. In such conditions, deeper sections have utility to enhance the sensitivity and accuracy of the diagnosis

Purpose: To analyze the percentage of deeper sections requested and to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of these deeper sections in routine oral histopathology practice. Additionally, the utility of deeper sections in specific oral lesions have also been evaluated

Materials and Method: A total of 850 cases from the archives of Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, were analyzed, and 106 cases with deeper sections were selected. Out of 106, 82 cases were accepted for our analysis and 24 were rejected as deeper sections were done due to staining errors or folding of tissue. The present retrospective study involves comparison of initial histological findings with those seen in deeper sections of same specimen

Results: Deeper sections improved the diagnosis of 48 cases [58.54%]. Remaining 31 cases [38%] showed the same histological features, whereas in 3 cases [3.66%], initial sections were good as compared to deeper sections. Out of 22 cases of provisional hyperkeratotic/ dysplastic lesion, 16 [72.72%] showed change in diagnosis, i.e. from mild to severe dysplasia or from dysplasia to carcinoma. A total 12 out of 17 [70.59%] cases of odontogenic lesions were non- diagnostic or showed minimal characteristic features on initial sections, but their deeper sections revealed clearly identifiable features and some of them also showed cystic lesion turning into tumor pathology

Conclusion: This study highlights the diagnostic efficacy of deeper sections and their contribution towards providing accurate and more descriptive features

To Compare the Diagnostic Efficacy of HRCT Lung with Chest Radiographic Findings and Clinical Correlation with Microbiological Findings in 200 Patients.

Background: The radiological diagnosis of tuberculosis is regarded as the most sensitive screening tool. The current study is undertaken to evaluate the chest X-ray and HRCT Chest as the tools to evaluate the active tubercular lesions in symptomatic and sputum positive patients. Aims and Objectives: The purposes of this study was to compare the diagnostic efficacy of radiographic and HRCT findings of pulmonary tuberculosis and to determine the radiologic features frequently seen in this disease. As complications of tuberculosis are frequent, correct diagnosis of tuberculosis is important. The purposes of this study is to summarize radiographic and CT findings of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: All Suspected patients referred for chest x ray and HRCT in radio diagnosis dept JNIMS were included in the study. Results: On chest radiography air-space consolidation was the most common parenchymal lesion, occurring in 160 patients (80%). Nodular lesions were found in 56 patients (28%), and, among them, ipsilateral or contralateral air-space consolidation was seen in 44 patients (22%).Conclusion: Since Diagnostic efficacy of HRCT is 91 %. Diagnostic efficacy of Chest X-Ray is 70.5 %. So diagnostic efficacy of HRCT is more than the Chest X-Ray.

Correlation of Ultrasound Findings with Cytopathological Findings in Different Types of Thyroid Disorders in 120 Patients.

Background: The disorders of thyroid glands are most common in female population compared to male population. Maximum numbers of patients were in the second to fifth decade. Patients of benign multinodular goitre formed the largest proportion of the cases in the study. The second most common lesion detected was solitary nodules. Ultrasound was able to detect an increase in gland size. Both micro-calcification and macro-calcification were easily detected by ultrasound study. Ultrasound was able to detect lymph node metastasis and cystic degeneration. High-resolution ultrasonography (USG) is the most sensitive imaging modality available for examination of the thyroid gland and associated abnormalities. Ultrasound scanning is non-invasive, widely available, less expensive, and does not use any ionizing radiation. Further, real time ultrasound imaging helps to guide diagnostic and therapeutic interventional procedures in cases of thyroid disease. Methods: All patients are examined in supine position with hyper extended neck, using a high frequency lineararray transducer (7-15 MHz) in Toshiba USG machine that provides adequate penetration and high resolution image. Scanning is done both in transverse and longitudinal planes. Results: Out of 120 patients, maximum number of patients were between the age of 20 to 50 years and 70% of patients were female but only 30% were males. Ultrasound can detect multiple nodules in 52 patients (43.33%) and single nodule in 20 patients (16.66%). Conclusion: Ultrasound was able to predict micro-calcifications in malignancies and the presence of macro-calcifications in benign nodules. This finding was of considerable importance for predicting malignancy in the nodules. Ultrasound was able to detect lymph node involvement in malignancies.

Basal cell adenoma of palate, a rare occurrence with review of literature

Basal cell adenoma is an uncommon benign epithelial neoplasm of salivary gland which derives its name from the basaloid appearance of tumor cells and accounting for 1-2% of all salivary gland epithelial tumors. This tumor usually arises in the major salivary glands, with the parotid being the most frequent site of occurrence, followed by the upper lip; while it is very rare in the minor salivary glands. Microscopically, it is composed of isomorphic cells similar to basal cells with nuclear palisading. We report a case of BCA presenting as an asymptomatic swelling over the right side of palate of 55-year-old female patient. A follow-up of 1 year revealed no recurrence. This report emphasizes the rare site of occurrence of this tumor and briefly reviews the literature