ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine frequency of hepatitis-C in dialysis patients at start of hemodialysis, seroconversion from HCV negative to HCV positive over study duration and factors affecting seroconversion
Methods: This descriptive prospective observational study done in dialysis center of DHQ hospital Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan. The study was conducted from October 2016 to October 2017. Data was collected on Performa and later followed prospectively in same cohort of patients. All the patients on maintenance hemodialysis for more than one month were included in the study. Patients with acute kidney disease and on dialysis less than one month were excluded. Patients were analyzed by dividing them in three groups, group-I patients who were HCV positive at start of dialysis, Group-II who were negative and seroconvert to HCV positive, Group-III who were negative and remained negative. All seronegative patients were followed at one, three, six and twelfth months on being hemodialysis for seroconversion
Results: Out of 230 surveyed patients 52 were HCV positive at start of dialysis and 19 were loss of follow up. Out of remaining 159 HCV negative patients 95 became HCV positive, only 64 patients remained HCV negative by end of study
Conclusion: Frequency of HCV seroconversion among chronic hemodialysis patient is found to be 53.37%. Arteriovenous access, number of dialysis, reuse of dialyzer and blood transfusions are important risk factors
ABSTRACT
Antioxidant and antibacterial potential of different solvent extracts of locally grown Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn was evaluated. The antioxidant activity was assessed by estimation of total flavonoids contents, total phenolic contents, DPPH free radical scavenging activity and percentage inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation capacity. Agar disc diffusion method was used to assess antibacterial potential of crude extract of H. rosa-sinensis. The yield of the crude extracts [23.21 +/- 3.67 and 18.36 +/- 2.98% in 80% methanol and ethanol solvents was calculated, respectively. Methanol and ethanol extract of H. rosa-sinensis showed total phenolics 61.45 +/- 3.23 and 59.31 +/- 4.31 mg/100g as gallic acid equivalent, total flavonoids 53.28 +/- 1.93 and 32.25 +/- 1.21 mg/100g as catechine equivalent, DPPH free radical scavenging activity 75.46 +/- 4.67 and 64.98 +/- 2.11% and inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation potential 75.8 +/- 3.22 and 61.6 +/- 2.01% respectively, was measured. Antibacterial study against three human pathogens such as staphlococus sp. Bacillus sp. and Escherichia coli showed growth inhibitory effect in the range of 12.75 +/- 1.17 to 16.75 +/- 2.10 mm. These results showed H. rosasinensis indigenous to Kallar Kahar and its allied areas bear promising medicinal values and could be used for developing herbal medicines to target oxidative stress and infectious diseases.