Uterine and tubal abnormalities in infertile Saudi Arabian women: a teaching hospital experience

Background and Objective: hysterosalpingography [HSG] is commonly used in the evaluation of the subfertile and infertile women. This study was undertaken to assimilate the findings observed during HSG in Saudi Arabian infertile patients and to find the most common pathology identified by the HSG

Patients and Methods: a retrospective analysis was conducted of subfertile and infertile patients who had undergone HSG between June 2007 and May 2012. Patients' demographic data were collected from the medical records of the King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia. The data included age, years of marriage, menstrual history either regular or irregular, primary/secondary infertility, hormonal profile, previous infection or pelvic surgery, and diagnostic laparoscopy. Radiographic reports of HSG were collected from the IPAC system and analyzed for fimbrial findings, tubal patency, and cervical and uterine cavitary pathology. The data were entered in the database and analyzed using a t?test to compare means between the age, type of infertility, different pathologies and for all the parameters assessed. All tests were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 14.0, Chicago, Illinois, USA. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant with a confidence interval of 95%

Results: data from the medical records of 117 patients with an average age of 32.59 +/- 5.48 years were analyzed. Of this total, 48 [41%] had been diagnosed as having primary infertility. In 95 [81.2%] patients, there was an abnormality in the fallopian tubes and in 27 [23%] patients, there was an abnormality in the uterus. Patients with primary infertility were significantly younger [29.7 +/- 5.6 vs. 34.58 +/- 4.75; P < 0.001], and tubal and uterine pathology was more common [P < 0.08 and 0.01]

Conclusions: our review indicates that the most common pathology found through HSG in women presenting with infertility is tubal blockage

Serotyping of e-coli; isolated from urine and stool of patients with urinary tract infection

Serotyping of Escherichia coli isolated from urine and stool of patients with urinary tract infection and stool samples of control group for uroprevalent strains of Escherichia coli showed significant difference in distribution of uroprevalent strains in faecal flora of patients with urinary tract infection as compared to control group. The most common serotype of Escherichia coli responsible for urinary tract infection was found to be O: 128 K: 67

Glandular toxoplasmosis

As lymphadenopathy is probably the most common finding in the acquired toxoplasmosis. To analyze the site and character of enlarged lymph nodes in seropositive cases of toxoplasmosis. SETTING: Department of microbiology, BMSI, JPMC, Karachi. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 100 individuals of different age and sex groups having lymphadenopathy were included in the study for antitoxoplasma IgG and IgM antibody levels. Relevant information was recorded on a proforma. lymph nodes of the neck region were maximally involved i.e. 88.34%. Majority of the involved nodes were discrete, mobile, smooth in texture and firm in consistency. Half of the patients had tender lymph nodes. Among the other clinical features, fever was the most common presenting symptom [61.11%]. t 20[55.56%] of 36 positive cases were having contact with animals, contact with cats was maximum i.e. 75%

Smoking effect of passive on children's pulmonary function tests

Until recently, relatively few studies have focused on the health effects of passive or involuntary smokers. This study was planned to see the effects of passive smoking on pulmonary functions in children of both sexes. Pulmonary function tests of 100 children, 50 passive smokers [38 males and 12 females] and 50 non-passive smokers i.e. controls [36 males and 14 females] were performed on a computerized s-Model Vitalograph psirometer in Pakistan Medical Research Council, Research Centre, Jinnah Post-graduate Medical Centre, Karachi. Amongst male passive smokers, there was statistically significant reduction in FEV/FVC% FEF 25%-75% and PEF [P<0.001]. Also FEV/VC% and MVV were significantly low [P<0.01]. Amongst female passive smokers FEF 25-75% showed a highly significant decrease [P<0.001], whereas FEV/FVC% and PEF were low [P<0.01]. Both sexes i.e. male and female passive smokers consumed more time for forced expiratory flow 25-75% as compared to controls [P<0.001] and [P<0.01] respectively

Acute and chronic toxoplasmosis; serological diagnosis in lymphadenopathy patients

Sera from 100 patients of lymphadenopathy were obtained and analyzed for antitoxoplasma IgG and IgM antibody by enzyme linked immunosorben assay [ELISA]. 36 patients were found to be seropositive, consisting of single sample of 26 patients and double samples of 10 patients. The antibody level showed that 10 patients were suffering from acute and 26 from chronic toxoplasmic infection. Regarding the analysis of seropositivity for age and sex distribution, it was found that in age group 2 1-30 years there was a significant difference [P<0.05] i.e. males dominated [61.53%] over the females [25%]

Children's pulmonary function tests, Effect of passive exposure to cigarette smoke, number and type of cigarettes

Large number of people continue to smoke cigarettes inspite of continued warnings concerning the health hazards of cigarette smoking. It has raised concern regarding the effects on passive or involuntary smokers. This study was planned to assess the effects of number and type of cigarettes smoked by active smokers on their children's pulmonary functions who were passively exposed to smoke. Low values for pulmonary functions were obtained in children exposed to smoke of greater number of cigarettes as compared to those children exposed to less smoke. Moreover, it was also found that non-filter tipped cigarettes affect the pulmonary function more as compared to the filter tipped cigarettes