ABSTRACT
Introduction: It is significant to translate medical texts having a beginning source of Ayurveda and identifyMongolian doctors, maaramba’s works and books on prescription as well as treatment methods that meetour culture, living condition and climate. Especially, we should clarify the new ideas includes innovatedtheories, which became paradigm not only Traditional Mongolian Medicine but also in Tibetan Medicine.Thus, it has become important to introduce and use in the training for students and practitioners the “FourAmbrosia Essences” and “Dictionary of Drug Identification” by Sumbe Khamba Ishbaljir (1704-1788).Goal: The aim of this study is to investigate “Four Ambrosia Essences” and “Dictionary of Drug Identificationby Sumbe Khamba Ishbaljir and to clarify the new idea of theory and treatment methods created by him.Materials and Method: “Source of Spring” (བདདུ ་ར་ིྩ ཆ་ུ རནུྱྒ ), “White Dew of Spring” (བདདུ ་ར་ིྩ ཟལི ་དཀར), “Drop of Spring”(བདདུ ་ར་ིྩ ཐགི ་པ), “Wedding of Spring” (བདདུ ་ར་ིྩ དགའ་སནོྟ ” by the Sumbe Khamba Ishbaljir were the main materials in thisstudy. In addition, we used to take some sort of sources and manuscripts that related to our studies andcomparative historical method, analysis and synthesis method were used in the studies.Results: According to resources we found, Sumbe khamba Ishbaljor detailed a number of new theoreticaland practical concepts which were never or seldom mentioned in The Four Medical Tantras, in his bookRashaany Dusal (“Drop of Spring”). He expanded the list of common diseases from three wind (khii), bile(shar), phlegm (badgan) to 6 (wind, bile, phlegm, blood, yellow fluid (shar us), nyan or khorkhoi (virus andbacteria) and prescribed treatments for each of them. In addition, he established a concept of 10 importantdiseases and gave them satiric names making them easy to read and understand as well as taught theways to treat them.Ishbaljir developed the traditional medicine and made a reform in it by the discovery of three more causesof diseases blood, bile us and bacteria in addition to the existing causes wind, bile and phlegm. His theorywas that disease causes are wind, bile, phlegm, blood, yellow fluid, and bacteria or virus individually and\or combined. Wind, bile, phlegm, blood, yellow fluid, and bacteria or virus called as diseases. Ishbaljir’sconcept of bacteria duplicates that of some Noble Prize laureates. At the beginning of the 20 century, anAustralian scholar Barry J. Marshall and J. Robin Warren won the Noble Prize for their discovery of the“Bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease” in 2005.Conclusions:1. Sumbe Khamba Ishbaljir expanded the list of common diseases from 3 wind (khii), bile (shar), phlegm(badgan) to 6 (wind, bile, phlegm, blood, yellow fluid (shar us), nyan or khorkhoi (virus and bacteria)and prescribed treatments for each of them.2. Sumbe Khamba Ishbaljir established a concept of 10 important diseases and gave them satiric namesmaking them easy to read and understand as well as taught the ways to treat them.3. The Four Medical Tantras did not mention stomach bacteria. It is pity that Sumbe Khamba Ishbaljirfound out the stomach bacteria disease in the 18th century.