ABSTRACT
Objective: This research investigated on in vitro ffree-radical scavenging property for the alcoholic extract from Pseudarthria viscida Linn. [Leguminosae]. Different antioxidant models of screening were employed
Material and methods: The alcoholic root extract of P. viscida was screened for free radical scavenging potential using 2, 2- azinobis- [3- ethyl-benzothiazoline- 6- sulphonate] [ABTS], 1, 1- diphenyl, 2- picrylhydrazyl [DPPH], superoxide and nitric oxide radicals
Results: Concentration dependent free radical scavenging activity was observed for the extract in which a concentration of 1000 micro g/ ml exhibited maximum scavenging activity against the radical cation, 2,2- azinobis- [3- ethylbenzothiazoline- 6- sulphonate] [99.41%], followed by superoxide radical using Riboflavin- Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid [97.60%] and the nitric oxide model [82.50%]. However, only moderate scavenging activity was observed with the 1, 1- diphenyl, 2- picryl hydrazyl radical [59.61%] at the same concentration
Conclusion: All the results of the in vitro antioxidant models of screening revealed the potent free-radical scavenging of the alcoholic root extract of Pseudarthria viscida Linn
ABSTRACT
Objective: The Primary objective of the present investigation was to stabilize ascorbic acid by blocking its irreversible conversion to biologically inactive form. Further aim of the project was to disperse stabilized ascorbic acid in internal aqueous phase of multiple emulsions and deliver it in a suitable base for topical application and enhanced transdermal permeation
Materials and Methods: The o/w/o emulsions were formulated by a two-step emulsification procedure, with different types and ratios of surfactant and oil using sodium oxalate as a stabilizer. Physical and chemical stability of the optimized formulation was evaluated at 8[degree sign]C, 25[degree sign]C, 40[degree sign]C and 40[degree sign]C /75% relative humidity. Physical stability of the formulation was determined by organoleptic characteristics, globule size, viscosity, pH and conductivity. Ascorbic acid release profile was measured with Franz diffusion cell using sigma membrane
Results: There was no change in color or liquefaction was observed in primary or multiple emulsion stored at 8[degree sign]C, 25[degree sign]C, 40[degree sign]C and 40[degree sign]C/75% relative humidity for a period of 6 months. Physical stability studies revealed change in globule size, phase separation and increase in pH for all primary and multiple emulsions kept at 40[degree sign]C and 40[degree sign]C/75% relative humidity. But there was only marginal change in pH and conductivity, globule size, and rheological parameters for multiple emulsions stored at 25[degree sign]C. In vitro release study showed that multiple emulsions followed a zero order release rate with an average flux value of 0.125 micro g/cm[2] /min
Conclusion: Based on the data, it was proved that multiple emulsion using sodium oxalate as a stabilizer remarkably improved the stability of ascorbic acid in aqueous solutions. The data given in this research led us to conclude that stabilized multiple w/o/w emulsion could be employed as a potential prolonged release vehicle for topical application of ascorbic acid
ABSTRACT
To investigate arsenic [As] content in eleven randomly selected brands of rice consumed in United Arab Emirates [UAE]. The arsenic content of different rice brands was analyzed by acid digestion method in combination with the hybrid interface-atomic absorption spectrophotometer [AAS]. All the samples showed elevated concentrations of inorganic As [As]. The maximum As concentration was observed in rice sourced from the USA [0.925 +/- 0.017mg /kg], followed by US style parboiled rice from Thailand [0.852 +/- 0.056mg/ kg] and rice from Kolkata, India [0.808 +/- 0.018 mg/kg]. The rice sourced from the other countries that were studied showed a rather similar pattern in arsenic content. Exposure to As was found to depend on consumption, with higher consumption of rice contributing to higher As exposure and vice versa. Populations generally consume rice sourced from their country of origin. Hence based on published rice consumption patterns, we made an attempt to extrapolate this population-wise consumption pattern to the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake [PMTDI] of arsenic i.e. is 0.147mg /kg for an individual. The PMTDI standard established for food guidelines of the WHO is 0.0021 mg/ kg/ d As [equal to 0.14 mg/ 70 kg individual]. Our findings revealed arsenic contamination, above the PMTDI of all the rice brands investigated. Hence, the population is potentially at the risk of suffering from arsenic-related diseases due to the high consumption of rice. The results of our study are alarming and necessitate the need for immediate implementation of food standards and guidelines in the UAE as the population which sources its rice and rice based products from varying regions of the world may remain innocuous to the impending threat posed by As in rice. Concern must be expanded to include products and foods that contain rice and rice-derived ingredients, such as brown rice syrup, breakfast cereals, infant cereals, rice cakes, and rice beverages
ABSTRACT
The study aims to examine the Daboia russelli venom neutralization potential of the leaf extract of Ricirioccirpus indicus [Euphorbiaceae] at different dose levels. The acetone extract at two dose level [250 and 500 mg/kg] was studied for haemorrhagic, necrotizing and mast cell degranulation in rats and for its cardiotoxic and neurotoxic effects in isolated frog tissue. Administration of the acetone leaf extract at an i.p. dose level of 500 mg/kg significantly inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, the Daboia nisselli venom-induced haemorrhagic, necrotizing and mast cell degranulation in rats and the cardiotoxic and neurotoxic effects in isolated frog tissue. Administration of the acetone extract also significantly reduced the Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels, enhanced the GST and GSH levels. The observations confirmed that the acetone leaf extract of Ricinoccirpus indicus possesses potent snake venom neutralizing properties
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the antidiabetic effects of the alcoholic extract of leaves and stem of I. auamoclit employing a short term study. A short tem study was carried as a preliminary investigation to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of the alcoholic extract of leaves and stem of I. quamoclit and its normoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin [STZ[- nicotinamide induced non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus rats using Glucose Tolerance Test t[GTT]. Graded doses [250 and 500 mg/kg] of the alcoholic root extract suspended in gum acacia were administered to normal and experimental diabetic rats. A significant fall in the blood glucose level of extract-treated animals was seen after 1 hour, indicating its hypoglycemic activity. Continuous blood glucose lowering activity was observed up to 4 hours of administration in normoglycemic and diabetic rats. The results were compared with those following the administration of standard oral hypoglycemic agent, glibenclamide. Administration of the alcoholic extract caused statistically significant decrease in the blood glucose levels of normal and diabetic rats as compared to the normal control and diabetic control groups respectively. Longer duration studies of Ipomoea quamoclit on chronic models may contribute toward the development of a potent antidiabetic drug
ABSTRACT
The current experiment describes the preliminary determination of pKa value of vasicine. A UV Spectrophotometer Shimadzu UV-1601 PC model was used to determine the pKa value of vasicine, a pyrralazo quinazoline alkaloid used as expectorant and bronchodilator drug. Analytical wavelength was chosen as which two species of the molecule differ greatly in their absorbance. Seven buffer solutions [7.4-8.6] were prepared containing 10 microM of the drug. The optical density of each buffer solution was measured at analytical wavelength 281 nm. A set of values was obtained and the pKa value for vasicine was found to be 8.1234 +/- 0.2 after the calculation