ABSTRACT
Objective[s]: Withdrawal contraception accompanied with high unwanted and morbidity .the aim of this study to gain of the knowledge, perceptions and experiences of using contraceptive methods withdrawal users to design effective effective intervention for them
Methods: In the first stage qualitative methods used to elicit questionnaire with 50 women .In the second stage cross-sectional study was performed 300 women attending to the health care centers in west Tehran were selected randomly. In the both of them women were not intended to become pregnant and use withdrawal contraception .data analyzed by using descriptive statistical tests
Results: They had used modern contraceptive methods before withdrawal in 70.7 percent .The mean withdrawal usage was 60.5 4.9 and modern contraceptive was 2.3 2.9 years. The most common source of information on modern contraceptive was health care providers and informal sources. The women are familiar with emergency contraception in 34 percent. Unwanted pregnancy related to withdrawal contraception was 33/7 percent. The most common beliefs related to oral pills nervousness [79.3%] obesity [26.7%] infertility [79.3%], IUD infection [34%] pregnancy [22.7%], spontaneous movement [21%] condom, pregnancy [73.7%] and three monthly injection, pregnancy [33.3%]
Conclusion: It was important that planners will be design family planning packages should contain programs to correct the wrong beliefs. Side effects of modern contraception should be as soon as possible recognizing. They counselors must be guided them .Positive attitude related to withdrawal contraception suggests that family planning programs disseminated essential information among this groups
ABSTRACT
To compare the effect of twice weekly and daily iron supplementation during pregnancy on fetal hematologic and anthropometric indices. A randomized clinical trial was conducted at Imam Hospital prenatal clinic, sari, Iran. Two hundred and eighty one nonanemic pregnant women aged 18-35, with singleton pregnancy and normal BMI were randomly assigned to either daily [one 60 mg ferrous sulfate tablet per day] or weekly [one 60 mg ferrous sulfate tablet on Monday and Thursday] iron supplementation regimens from week 20 till delivery. Mothers were followed and Cord blood was sampled [130 samples from daily group and 151 samples from weekly group] to measure the Hemoglobin [Hb] and Ferritin concentrations. Data were analyzed using Student's t test and chi-square test. Two groups were not significantly different in terms of mother's age, education, job, number of term pregnancies, baseline BMI and Hb levels. The mean for Cord blood Hb concentration in daily and weekly groups were 14.65 [ +/- 0.18] and 14.42 [ +/- 0.16] g/1 respectively. Mean cord Ferritin concentrations were 158.34 [ +/- 24.6] for daily and 148 [ +/- 14.15] micro g/l for weekly group. Hb and Ferritin levels did not differ between two groups significantly [P=0.06 and P=0.51 correspondingly]. Birth weight and length in daily group were higher [P<0.0001 and P<0.007 in order of reference]. Since birth anthropometric parameters were more desirable in daily schedule, and knowing the influence of birth weight on neonate future health and survival, we suggest that twice weekly iron supplementation held in reserve for pregnant mothers who cannot tolerate the gastrointestinal side effects of daily iron intake