ABSTRACT
Objective:To compare the serum prolactin level in hyperthyroid and normal control females. Hyperthyroidism is a mutual disease. Even though a direct relation has been demonstrated amid hypothyroidism and increased prolactin levels, this association has not been established for hyperthyroidism
Materials and Methods: Cross sectional study was carried out on cases and control groups. To select the cases, all women referred to the laboratories of Saudi National Hospital with a thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH] level 0.5 mIU/L and met the inclusion criteria were entered in the study. A total of 62 women aged 16 to 49 years were enrolled. The case group included 24 hyperthyroid women, and the control group included 38 women with normal thyroid function matched by age
Results: The mean [SD] serum level of prolactin was 16.4 [0.96] ng/mL [95% confidence interval [CI], 15.39 ng/mL to 15.69 ng/mL] in the controls and 23.02 [1.47] ng/mL [95% CI, 22.7 ng/mL to 23.4 ng/mL] in the case subjects. Hyperprolactinemia was more common in the hyperthyroid group [16.4 [0.96] ng/mL versus 23.02 [1.47] ng/mL; P<.001]. The prolactin level decreased with age. Hyperthyroidism and estradiol increased the prolactin level. After adjusting for age and estradiol, hyperthyroidism increased the serum prolactin level [P<.001]
Conclusion: The outcomes of the present study showed that hyperprolactinemia is more frequent in hyperthyroid females. Serum prolactin level can be increased in hyperthyroidism
ABSTRACT
Background: Cirrhosis is the irreversible fibrosis of liver, it continues to be a common cause of morbidity and mortality. It is accompanied by inflammation and malnutrition and thus can have a negative effects on bone metabolism and promote fractures accordingly
Aim of the study: to evaluate the risk of fractures among patients with cirrhosis
Methods: A systematic review of the scientific literature following PRISMA/STROBE guidelines, Medline Cochrane Library and Embase s were retrieved using an algorithm comprising relevant MeSH terms from 1980 to 2017. Publications on the association of cirrhosis/bone fracture were ed independently by the authors and included in both gender and gender-specific meta-analyses, following recalculations of published data as appropriate. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the quality of included studies
Results: [st] 8 udies met the inclusion criteria enrolling 988 patients [286 of which are diagnosed with al coholic liver disease [ALD]. Overall, ALD demonstrated a el r ative risk [] RR of 1.825, 95%CI: 1.370 2.28, - < 0.001 P for the development of bone fractures. Bone mineral density [BMD] was not significantly different between the ALD and control groups, although there was a trend toward lower BMD in patients with ALD. Sensitivity analyses showed consistent results
Conclusion: in accordance to the present meta-analysis, there is a significant correlation between bone fractures and ALD independent of BMD